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Geog 155 Final
Lab Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the regions called that have the same basic plant and animal groups? | Biomes |
| Climographs show the average? | precipitation and temperature levels for a given area |
| What are two examples of climate change? | Ice glaciers are melting causing sea levels to rise and wildfires are happening more often and becoming more severe. |
| In Africa, which biome is most common along the Tropic of Cancer? | Desert |
| True or false. Koppen system identifies 6 major climate groups, these groups are determined by latitude, moisture availability, and altitude? | True |
| The separation between an area of sediment that is saturated with water, and an area with some air between particles is called the? | Water table |
| The elevation of a perennial lake is the same as the elevation of the water table? | false |
| Materials from which groundwater can be easily extracted for industrial, irrigation, municipal, or residential use make up an? | aquifer |
| What are the materials that act as barriers to groundwater? | aquitards |
| What is porosity? | refers to the pore or void space available in an earth material. Rocks or sediments with high porosity values have large amounts of air space, potentially allowing them to hold large amounts of water. |
| what is permeability? | refers to how easily liquids can move through rocks or sediments. In general liquids more more easily through materials with large, well-connected pore spaces. Materials that allow water to move through them quickly have a high permeability. |
| The smallest sediment particle size is? | clay |
| what is the mix of clay, silt, and sand called? | loam |
| Which of the following is not a soil horizon I would usually find in a dry, arid climate? | O Horizon |
| Rocks and minerals are altered at the surface through different types of? | weathering |
| The sediment or rock that a soil is formed from/in is called the? | parent material |
| What do the letters in the acronym CLORPT the soil forming factors stand for? | CLimate, Organsims, Relief, Parent material, Time |
| The Himalayan mountains are the result of two plates doing what? | converging |
| When oceanic crust is pushed into continental crust, what is formed? | continental volcanic arc |
| What plate boundary is associated with subduction zones? | convergent |
| True or false. Hot spots formed both the Hawaiian Islands and Yellowstone? | true |
| What is a composite volcano? | a volcano that is cone shaped and formed when lave and ash have been explosively ejected from the vents through time to build up a large volcanic deposit |
| What is a shield volcano? | a large and flatter volcano that forms from slow effusive lava building up over time as the lava from repeated eruptions creates layers |
| what is a cinder cone volcano? | a small volcano that can commonly be found in groups and is often found on the surface of large volcanoes. formed when lava and ash that have been explosively ejected from the vents through time build up |
| A lake that results from a stream meander being cut off from the main channel is called a? | oxbow lake |
| what is the name of seasonal streams and lakes? | ephemeral |
| What feature forms when relatively fast moving water meets a relatively still body of water? | delta |
| True or false. the land area where all the ground and surface waters run to one central stream or body of water is called a drainage basin? | true |
| What is a braided stream? | a stream that has multiple active water holding channels that form a braided pattern; common in nature |
| What is a meandering stream? | a stream that has one primary water holding channel, has a more curvy form, common in nature |
| What is a straight stream? | a stream that has one primary water holding channel, not common |
| What are two man made features designed to help stop coastal erosion? | jetties and sea walls |
| Most coasts experience how many high and low tides in 24 hours? | 2 high tides and 2 low tides |
| What is not a depositional feature you can see in the ocean? | sea caves |
| What is longshore drift? | The process of material moving down or across a beach. Through waves breaking on the beach (swash) and moving sediment back to the sea (backwash). |
| What is one distinct zone that can be used to ascertain the nature of the glacier's movement? AC | The zone of accumulation: found at the head of the glacier, an area where the glacier gains mass by accumulating snowfall, appears white |
| What is one distinct zone that can be used to ascertain the nature of the glacier's movement? AB | The zone of ablation: area towards the foot of the glacier, where the glacier is experiencing net loss of material through melting snow and ice, appears grey and brown |
| What is a natural structure that can prevent coastal erosion? | mangroves |
| What is climate? | Climate is defined as the long term weather conditions for a given area. The climate for an area is the sum of its temperature, precipitation, humidity, and its winds and atmospheric conditions |
| What is weather? | weather is the short term conditions of a certain place during a certain time |
| What are plate tectonics? | a theory that enables us to explain the occurrence of mountain ranges, earthquakes, and volcanoes on earth. The theory suggests that the earth's surface is composed of multiple rigid tectonic plates that are continually moving across the surface of planet |
| What is continental crust? | crust that has a low density and is thick |
| What is oceanic crust? | crust that has a high density and is thin |
| What is a convergent plate boundary? | occur where tectonic plates are coming together or converging |
| What is a subduction zone/plate boundary? | Occurs if there is a density difference between two converging plates, and the plate with the higher density with always subduct or sink below the plate with the lower density |
| What is a divergent boundary? | occur where a plate is separating or splitting |
| What is a transform boundary? | occur where plates are sliding past one another, areas of significant earthquake activity |
| What are hot spots? | areas the volcanic and earthquake activity that occur within the interior of continental and oceanic plates ex: Hawaiian Island and Yellowstone |
| Why do two locations at the same latitude have different climates? | elevation and proximity to bodies of water |
| What is seasonality? | the degree to which things change throughout the year for an area |
| How does the water table affect the elevation of lakes? | plays a crucial role in regulating the elevation of lakes by influencing the amount of groundwater available to go into them |
| What is a confined aquifer? | have aquitard material both directly above and below them, water is under pressure, has an unconfined area recharging aquifer |
| What is a unconfined aquifer? | do not have aquitard material |
| What are perennial streams? | streams that flow throughout the year, get some of their flow from groundwater |
| What are ephemeral streams? | do not receive constant flow from groundwater, run only seasonally |
| Largest to smallest sediment particle sizes? | sand -slit - clay |
| look at the soil horizons | ABCROE |
| What is a floodplain? | the relatively flat expanse of land found directly adjacent to the channel that is commonly flooded |
| when does erosion occur? | erosion occurs when the water is flowing fast |
| How is the gradient of a stream calculated? | rise/run |
| What is a river basin? | the area of land drained by a river and its branches |
| What are glaciers? | form from the repeated accumulation of snowfall over hundreds or thousands of years, move downhill due to gravity |
| What is firn? | the material beneath snow being compressed |
| What are features created by glaciers? | aretes, cirques, and horns |
| What are moraines? | piles of sediment that have been formed at the front of , or compressed below, the advancing glacier |
| What are glacial erratics? | large boulders that have been moved by glaciers, not typically found in the area they were deposited in |
| What are kettle lakes? | form when glacier ice is buried in sediment |
| what are drumlins? | distinctive elongated hills that form in glaciated landscapes |
| What are aretes? | Very thin, rocky ridges that formed between two alpine glaciers |
| What are cirques? | bowl shaped features formed along mountain peaks that were carved by alpine glaciers |
| What are horns? | three sided mountain peak that has been eroded by alpine glaciers |
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