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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Repetitive Designation | repeated references to a character or object that appears insignificant at first, but later suddenly intrudes in the narrative |
| Pathos | a quality that evokes pity or sadness |
| Flashback | a scene that takes place before a story begins |
| Dramatic Irony | irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play |
| Deus Ex Machina | an unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation, especially as a contrived plot device in a play or novel |
| Satire | the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices |
| Symbolism | a literary device that uses symbols, be they words, people, marks, locations, or abstract ideas to represent something beyond the literal meaning |
| In Media Res | into the middle of a narrative; without preamble |
| Unreliable Narrator | a narrator whose account of events appears to be faulty, misleadingly biased, or otherwise distorted |
| Poetic Justice | the fact of experiencing a fitting or deserved retribution for one's actions |
| Framing Device | a narrative technique in which a story is surrounded by a secondary story, creating a story within a story |
| Chekhov's Gun | if you are going to put something in a story, it needs to be used later |
| Foreshadowing | a narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader |
| Cliff Hanger | an abrupt ending at an exciting and often dangerous time in the plot; usually at the end of a chapter, but occasionally the book will end this way |
| Flash Forward | an action that jumps ahead of the story to narrate an event that happens at a later time |
| Defamiliarization | The technique of making the familiar seem new and strange, and thus making us see more vividly |
| Predestination Paradox | time travel paradox where a time traveler is caught in a loop of events that 'predestines' them to travel back in time |
| Verbal Irony | a figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant |
| Paradox | a contradiction or dilemma |
| Red Herring | a fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion |