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Psychology test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is developmental psychology? | It examines maturation, early experiences , and various stages of development |
| Stability or change definition? | Stability : measurements of personality in childhood predictors of adult personality Change:measurements of personality in childhood DO NOT predict adult personality |
| Crawl before walking is an example of ? | Maturation |
| What are stages and continuity? | Stages: discrete and qualitative changes that are relatively different from each other( like steps) Continuity:gradual and quantitative ( incremental ) changes but steady and measurable like ramp |
| What is Nature in Nature vs Nurture? | Development is largely governed by automatic genetically predetermined signals |
| What is critical period ? | The specific time to experience certain stimuli in order to develop properly in the future like language |
| What is imprinting ? | Attachment process during critical early life periods |
| What is emerging adulthood ages ? | Ages 18-25 yrs |
| Fraternal twins and adolescent growth can predict that _____ | Girls will be taller than boys on between ages 10-14 |
| What are teratogens ? | Environmental agents that can cause birth defects |
| The major body organs and systems begin to develop during which period of pregnancy? | The embryonic period |
| Which sensory system is rather poorly developed at birth? | The sense of vision. |
| What is menopause? | The decrease of estrogen production. |
| What is male climacteric ? | Men experience marked weight gain, and loss of muscle strength at this time |
| What is the hayflick limit? | Suggest that humans have a maximum life span of about 120 years. |
| A child believes that any object that flies is a bird based on past experience that the “ birdie is in the sky”. He now calls airplanes and hot air balloons birdies. This would be an example of ____ | Accommodation |
| What is assimilation ? | Incorporating new information into existing schemas |
| When 5 month old Jessica learns that mommy continues to exist even when she is quietly resting in another room , Jessica has developed:___ | Object permanence |
| The correct order of Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development ? | sensorimotor stage, pre -operational stage, concrete operational, format operational stage. |
| What is Ageism? | form of prejudice or discrimination based on physical age; similar to racism and sexism in its negative stereotypes |
| patient born with facial abnormalities and stunted growth , showing signs of delayed motor development and suffers from intellectual disability. Patient is suffering from ____ | Fetal alcohol syndrome |
| Vigotsky term for providing support during the learning process that is tailored to the needs of the student is instructional ___ | term : scaffolding |
| Strong affectionate bond with special others that endure over time is called : | Attachment bond |
| According to Ainsworth’s studies on infant attachment,if Cassie leaves her infant Dante in the room and he cries, but then he has mixed reactions when she returns, then Dante is exhibiting what kind of behavior? | anxious / ambivalent attachment style |
| What is secure attachment style ? | Infant seeks closeness w mother when stranger enters.uses her as a safe base from which to explore, shows moderate distress on separation from her ,happy when she returns |
| What is anxious/ avoidant attachment style ? | Infant does not seek closeness or contact w mother and shows little emotion when the mother departs or returns |
| What is the disorganized/disoriented attachment style ? | Infant exhibits avoidant or ambivalent attachment ,often seeming either confused or apprehensive in the presence of the mother |
| The belief that adult personality reflects on how an individual has met or resolved the crises that occur in eight stages of development is the definition of ? | Erikson’s 8 psychosocial stages of development |
| Refers to the state of being biologically male or female ? | Sex |
| There are no other cars at 3 am on the road and you come to a stop sign ,you decide not to drive through it ,but instead you follow the traffic laws and stop bc you believe the rules are legitimate and good for public welfare you are demonstrating __ | The law and order orientation stage of moral development |
| Aretha wanted all grape flavored gum ,so she made a deal w her brother if he gave her his grape gum she would help him get an extra cookie at dinner time, according to Kohlberg what level of moral development is this? | Pre-conventional level |
| Which of the following children is working on the challenge of initiative vs guilt in Erickson’s psychosocial model of development ? | Five year old Brian tried to climb the tree in the backyard and fell down three times |
| __ parents set firm limits, encourage increasing levels of responsibility and are sensitive and caring toward their children.__ parents value unquestioning obedience and mature responsibility, and remain detached and aloof from their children. | Authoritative , Authoritarian |
| The psychological and sociocultural traits typically associated w being male or female is referred to as __ | Gender |
| Most STI’S are: | are readily cured in the early stages |
| testing HIV positive means | Patient has been infected by human immunodeficiency virus |
| Pat has XY chromosome pattern and likes to play with trucks .the XY pattern is characteristic of Pat’s____ and playing with trucks is characteristic of his ____. | Sex, gender |
| According to textbook , motivation _____behavior and emotion _____. | Motivation :energizes Emotion :is a subjective feeling |
| Someone who has a desire to excel, especially in competition with others: | Has a high achievement motivation |
| Which of the following is true of persons who are high in nAch? | They like moderately difficult tasks |
| Extrinsic motivation is based on the desire __ | The desire for external rewards or the avoidance of punishment |
| A person from which type of culture would place value and emphasis on a single person’s rights and freedoms and would prioritize that person over the needs of a larger group? | Individualist |
| What has the largest influence (40-50%) on personality? | Genetics |
| Interdependence,obligation to others, and focusing on group achievement are all core values of an | Collectivist culture |
| Sharon’s unique and relatively stable and enduring pattern of thoughts, feelings and actions is her : | Personality |
| The desire to perform an act for its own sake refers to___ | Intrinsic motivation |
| Desire to perform an act because of external rewards or the avoidance of punishment refers to ___ | Extrinsic motivation |
| The use of ambiguous stimuli that can be interpreted a number of different ways to assess personality is called ____ | Projective testing |
| According to Freud the three mental structures that form personality : | ID,ego,superego |
| What is the ID: | the first personality structure that is present at birth, completely unconscious, and striving to meet basic drives, such as hunger, thirst, sex, and aggression; it operates on the pleasure principle |
| What is the ego? | the second personality structure that is largely conscious, and the “executive,” which deals with the demands of reality; it operates on the reality principle. |
| What is the superego? | is the third personality structure that serves as the center of morality, providing internalized ideals and standards for judgment; often referred to as the “conscience.” |
| Jason is 25 yrs goes against his parents houses rules by smoking cigarettes inside the house , he feels guilty about it but can’t break the smoking habit the guilt he feels for behaving in this incorrect fashion is produced by the : | Superego |
| According to Jung our collective unconscious consists of: | Consists of patterns and images called “ archetypes” |
| Horney believed that the strongest influence on an individual’s personality was that person’s: | Relationship with his or her parents |
| Adler believed the primary motivation in life is to overcome _____ | Feelings of inferiority |
| Which of the following is the correct sequence of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development? | Oral -> anal -> phallic -> latency -> genital |
| Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies employed by the ego to avoid conflict and reduce: | Anxiety |
| The trait theory that explains personality in terms of openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism is called the : | The five factor model |
| Two theorists associated w The humanistic perspective of personality development are :_____ | Roger’s and Maslow |
| Another term for self efficacy is self ____ | Confidence |
| Personal characteristics, behaviors and environment all work are interacting determinants of one another ? | Reciprocal determinism |
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aname123457