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Chap 11 han 312

Clinical tests , diagnostic imaging, and procedures Female reproductive

QuestionAnswer
Papanicolaou (PAP) smear/ test microscopic examination of cells collected from the vafina and cervix to detect abnormal changes
speculum an instrument used to hold apart the vaginal walls
pregnancy test / hCG test urine or blood test to determine the presence of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by the fertilized ovum
hysterosalpingography X ray of uterus and salpinges after injection of contrast dye; evaluates tubal patency
pelvic ultrasound ultrasound of pelvic area
transvaginal ultrasound ultrasound using a transducer inserted into the vagina to view the internal female reproductive organs
fetal ultrasound, obstetric ultrasound ultrasound done during pregnancy that uses reflected sound waves to produce a picture of a fetus, the placenta, and amniotic fluid surrounding it
Mammography X ray of the breasts ; used to detect breast tumors
What do arrows in the picture of a mammography note invasive carcinoma of the breast
Biopsy fine needle aspiration or mass removal; stereotactic core needle biopsy is performed with the help of mammography for guidance
Sentinel node biopsy injection of a dye or radioisotope into tumor site to track axillary lymph nodes in order to determine if there are mets
Lumpectomy removal of a lump with immediately surrounding tissue; for small primary tumors
Mastectomy treatment (of breast cancer with lymph node involvement) or prophylactic (prevative)
Breast reconstruction may need to happen after mastectomy
Radiation to kill any remaining tumor cells post surgery
Chemotherapy adjuvant aiding to prevent recurrence of tumor
Chemotherapy neoadjuvant added prior to surgery to reduce tumor bulk and allow for complete surgical removal
Hysterectomy surgical excision of the uterus
Different types of hysterectomy total abdominal hysterectomy vs vaginal hysterectomy
TAH BSO total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo oophorectomy
conization removal of cone shaped section of cervix
colposcopy visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina via a colposcope
colposcope thin lightened endoscope inserted into the vagina to allow for visual examination
cryosurgery in gynecology a procedure which uses liquid nitrogen to freeze a section of the cervix to destroy abnormal or precancerous cervical cells
Intrauterine device (IUD) hormonal vs non hormonal birth control
Oral contraceptives birth control supply estrogen/ progesterone to signal pituitary to stop producing FSH and LH so egg maturation/ ovulation cant occur
Tubal ligation birth control sterilization procedure in which the salpinges are tied in two places and the tubes between the ligation are removed
in vitro fertilization gametes are combined outside of the body to facilitate fertilization
abortion termination of a pregnancy before the embryo or fetus can exist on its own
spontaneous abortion miscarriage
induced abortion therapeutic vs elective
Dilation and curettage surgical procedure in which cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the uterus is scraped with a curette
Amniocentesis transabdominal aspiration of fluid from the amniotic sac to test for certain fetus pathologies
chorionic villus sampling sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis
Cephalic version manual turning of breech fetus to obtain cephalic fetal presentation, can also happen spontaneously
fetal heart rate continuous recording of fetal HR and maternal uterine contractions to assess fetal status and progression of labor
cesarean section surgical incision made through the abdominal wall and the uterus to extract fetus
episiotomy surgical incision through perineum to enlarge vagina and assist childbirth
Created by: oliviaoconnor18
 

 



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