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Grading Stuff
All Korean terminology words for Taekwon Do + Theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many moves in Yul Gok? | 38 |
| What is the meaning of Yul Gok? | Yul-Gok is the pseudonym of the great philosopher and scholar Yi l (1536-1584) nicknamed the ‘Confucius of Korea’. The 38 movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace on the 38 degree latitude and the diagram represents “scholar, gentleman & samurai” |
| What is the purpose of the 1st & 4th move of Pattern Yul Gok? | It is a focus and measure of the distance between yourself and a target area. |
| How do you perform Hocking block and what’s the Korean name? | Golcho makigi |
| How do you perform X stance and what’s its purpose & the Korean name? | Kyocha sogi – The ability to turn & pivot quickly in any direction |
| How do you perform twin knifehand block, what’s its purpose & the Korean name? | Sang Sonkal makgi – blocking 2 separate attacks at the same time with the knifehand. |
| What is the difference between grading sparring and competition sparring? | Grading is to show control, movement, blocks and a wide variety of techniques. Competition is using your best techniques. |
| How do you perform Double forearm block and what’s the Korean name? | Doo Palmok makgi |
| What is the Korean for Reverse Turning kick and what part of the foot is used? | Bandae Dollyo Chagi using Dwichook (Back Heel) |
| How do we get power into our techniques? | Speed & Acceleration, Breath Control (Kihap), Relaxation & Tension, Correct Technique, Body Mass |
| What is the difference between jumping and flying techniques? | Jumping is to gain Height and Flying is to gain Distance. |
| What is the Korean for downward (axe) kick and what part of the foot is used? | Naeryo chagi using Dwichook (Back Heel) |
| What is the Korean for flat fingertip thurst? | Opun Sonkut Tulgi |
| What is the Korean for Walking stance & describe it? | Gunnon Sogi – 50/50 weight, Length is one & half shoulder widths and one shoulder width wide, front foot points forward & back foot point 25 degrees outward, front leg bent and back leg straight, primary leg is in front |
| What is the Korean for front elbow strike? | Ap Palkup Taerigi |
| What does the colour Blue signify? | Blue signifies the heaven towards which the plant matures into a towering tree as training in Tae Kwon-Do progresses. |
| What is the Korean for free sparring? | Jayu Matsoki |
| What is the Korean for one step sparring? | Ilbo Matsogi |
| What is the Korean for Jumping, Flying, Strike, Thrust, punch, kick, block & stance? | Twigi, Twimyo, Taerigi, Tulgi, Jirugi, Chagi, Makgi & Sogi |
| Where does Taekwondo come from? | South Korea |
| How do you form a fist? | Roll your fingers in tight, then tuck your thumb underneath |
| What is the name of your training suit in Korean? | Dobok |
| What is the name of your belt in Korean? | Ti |
| What is the name of your training Hall in Korean? | Dojang |
| Count to 10 in Korean? | Hanna, Dool, Seth, Neth, Dasaul, Yasaul, Ilyop, Yodoll, Ahop, Yoll |
| What does the colour white signify? | White signifies innocence, as that of the beginning student who has no previous knowledge of Taekwon-do. |
| What is walking and sitting stance in Korean? | Gunnon Sogi (walking) Annun Sogi (sitting) |
| Who is the founder of Taekwon-Do and when? | General Choi Hong Hi 9th Degree on 11th April 1955 |
| What is high, middle and low section in Korean? | Nopunde (high) Kaunde (middle) Najunde (low) |
| How many moves in Sajo Jirugi 1 & 2 and Sajo Makgi? | Sajo Jirug 1 & 2 have 14 moves and Sajo Makgi has 16 moves |
| What is the Korean for Reverse and Obverse? | Bandae (reverse) Baro (obverse) |
| Name the 5 tenets of Taekwondo? | Courtesy, Integrity, Perseverance, Self-Control, Indomitable Spirit. |
| What does Tae kwon do stand for? | Foot, Hand and way |
| What is the Korean for Inner and Outer forearm? | An Palmok (inner) Bakat Palmok (outer) |
| How many moves in Chon-ji? | 19 |
| What is the meaning of Chon-ji? | Chon-Ji literally means ‘Heaven and Earth’. In the Orient it is interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of human history, therefore it is the initial pattern played by the beginner. |
| What is front snap kick & side piercing kick in Korean? | Ap Chabusigi (front snap kick) & Yopcha Jirugi (side piercing kick) |
| What part of the foot is used when performing front snap kick and side piercing kick? | Ball of the foot – Ap Kumchi (front kick), Foot sword – Balkal (side kick) |
| What is the Korean for a pattern? | Tul |
| What is the Korean for a Thrust? | Tulgi |
| What does the colour Yellow signify? | Yellow signifies earth, from which a plant sprouts and takes root, as Tae Kwon-Do foundation is being laid. |
| What is L-stance in Korean? | Niunja Sogi |
| What is the weight distribution in L-stance & primary leg? | 70 / 30 the back leg is primary due to having most weight on it |
| What is the Korean for 3 step sparring? | Sambo Matsoki |
| What is the blocking tool when using Rising block? | The outer forearm |
| Is Rising block performed half or full facing? | Full facing |
| What is the Korean for double punch? | Doo Jirugi |
| What is the Korean for fore fist & where? | Ap Joomuk |
| What is the Korean for knifehand & where? | Sonkal |
| What is the Korean for Open fist Thrust (from 3 step sparring no.2) & where? | Pyun Joomuk Tulgi |
| How many moves in Do-San? | 24 |
| What is the meaning of Do-San? | Do-San is the pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Ch’ang Ho (1876-1938). The 24 movements represent his entire life, which was devoted to furthering the education of Korea and its independence movement. |
| How do you form a high outer forearm block and what’s the Korean name? | Nopunde Bakat Palmok Makgi |
| How do you form a high outer forearm block and what’s the Korean name? | Nopunde Bakat Palmok Makgi |
| How do you form wedging block and what’s the Korean name? | Hechyo Makgi |
| How do you perform straight fingertip thrust and what’s the Korean name? | Sun Sonkut Tulgi |
| How do you perform the release move, what’s its purpose & the Korean name for grasp & release? | Japkgi (grasp), Jap sol tay (release) |
| How do you perform high backfist strike and what’s the Korean name? | Nopunde Dung Joomuk Taerigi |
| What is the Korean for side piercing kick and what part of the foot is used? | Yop chajirugi using Balkal |
| What is the Korean for turning kick and what part of the foot is used? | Dollyo Chagi using Ap kumchi |
| Describe sitting stance? | 50/50 weight, one & half shoulder width between big toes and toes pointing straight forward and grip like to the floor. |
| What are the 5 Tenets of Taekwon-Do? | Courtesy, Integrity, Perseverance, Self-Control, Indomitable Spirit. |
| What is the attacking tool when using straight fingertip trust in English & Korean? | Sonkut (finger tips) |
| Is Wedging block performed half or full facing? | Full facing |
| What is the Korean for thrust and strike? | Tulgi (thrust) and Taerigi (strike) |
| What is the Korean for punch, kick, block & stance? | Jirugi, Chagi, Makgi & Sogi |
| What does the colour Green signify? | Green signifies the plant’s growth as Tae Kwon-Do skills begin to develop. |
| What is the Korean for the 2 parts of the foot which can be used for turning kick? | Ap Kumchi (ball of the foot) and Baldung (instep) |
| What is the Korean for forearm guarding block? | Palmok Daebi Makgi |
| How many moves in Won-Hyo? | 28 |
| What is the meaning of Won-Hyo? | Won-Hyo was the noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty in the year 686 A.D. |
| How do you form closed ready stance A and what’s the Korean name? | Moa Junbi Sogi A – Both feet together and Hands 30cm from the Philtrum |
| How do you perform inward knifehand strike and what’s the Korean name? | Anaero Sonkal Taerigi |
| How do you perform bending ready stance A and what’s the Korean name? | Goburyo Sogi A |
| How do you perform circular block, what’s its purpose & the Korean name? | Dollymio Makgi |
| What is the difference between grading sparring and competition sparring? | Grading is to show control, movement, blocks and a wide variety of techniques. Competition is only using your best techniques. |
| What is the Korean for front, side and back? | Ap, Yop and Dwit |
| What is the Korean for back piercing kick and what part of the foot is used? | Dwitcha Jirugi using Balkal (foot sword) |
| How do we get power into our techniques? | Speed & Acceleration, Breath Control (Kihap), Relaxation & Tension, Correct Technique, Body Mass |
| Whilst performing walking stance, what body facing can you be in? | Full, Half and Reverse Half facing |
| What is the Korean for twin vertical punch? | Sang Sewo Jirugi |
| Is Circular block performed half, full or reverse half facing? | Reverse half facing |
| What is the Korean for fixed stance & describe it? | Gojong Sogi – 50/50 weight, distance between the big toes is one & half shoulder width, both feet point 15 degrees inward, primary leg is in front |
| What is the Korean for elbow? | Palkup |
| What does the colour Blue signify? | Blue signifies the heaven towards which the plant matures into a towering tree as training in Tae Kwon-Do progresses. |
| What is the Korean for free sparring? | Jayu Matsoki |
| What is the Korean for one step sparring? | Ilbo Matsogi |
| What is the Korean for Strike, Thrust, punch, kick, block & stance? | Taerigi, Tulgi, Jirugi, Chagi, Makgi & Sogi |
| kick | chagi |
| thrust | tulgi |
| straight | sun |
| Forearm Guarding Block | Palmok Daebi Makgi |
| High Outer Forearm Block | Nopunde Bakat Palmok Makgi |
| Wedging Block | Hechyo Makgi |
| Release Move | Jappyolsol Tae |
| Turning Kick | Dollyo Chagi |
| Side Kick | Yop Chagi |
| Backfist Strike | Dung Joomuk Taerigi |
| Straight Fingertip Thrust | Sun Sonkut Tulgi |
| Footsword | Balkal |
| Ball of Foot | Ap Kumchi |
| Backfist | Dung Joomuk |
| Fingertips | Sonkut |
| Semi-Free Sparring | Banjayo Matsoki |
| low | najunday |
| middle | kawunday |
| high | napunday |
| rising | chookyo |
| Inner Forearm Block | An Palmok Makgi |
| Outer Forearm Block | Bakat Palmok Makgi |
| Knifehand Block | Sonkal Makgi |
| Front Rising Kick | Ap Chaolligi |
| front | ap |
| Obverse Punch | Baro Jirugi |
| Reverse Punch | Bandae Jirugi |
| Forefist | Ap Joomuk |
| Knifehand | Sonkal |
| Forearm | Palmok |
| Outer Forearm | Bakat Palmok |
| Inner Forearm | An Palmok |
| Attention Stance | Charyot Sogi |
| Parallel Stance | Narani Sogi |
| Sitting Stance | Annun Sogi |
| Walking Stance | Gunnon Sogi |
| pattern | tul |
| strike | terigi |
| Rising Block | Chookyo Makgi |
| Front Snap Kick | Ap Chabusigi |
| Double Punch | Doo Jirugi |
| Open Fist Strike | Pyun Joomuk Taerigi |
| Ball of foot | Ap Kumchi |
| Knife hand | Sonkal |
| Open hand | Pyun Joomuk |
| Three Step Sparring | Sambo Matsoki |
| L-Stance | Niunja Sogi |
| Inward | Anaero |
| Outward | Bakaero |
| Upward | Ollyo |
| Downward | Naeryo |
| Knifehand Guarding Block | Sonka Daebi Makgi |
| Twin Forearm Block | Sang Palmok Makgi |
| Inward Outer Forearm Block | Anaero Bakat Palmok Makgi |
| Inward Knifehand Strike | Anaero Sonkal Taerigi |
| High Section Obverse Punch | Nopunde Baro Jirugi |
| Side Front Snap Kick | Yop Ap Cha Busigi |
| back | dwi |
| Waist Block | Hori Makgi |
| Circular Block | Dollymio Makgi |
| Downward X-Fist Block | Naeryo Kyocha Joomuk Makgi |
| Upward Palm Block | Ollyo Sonbadak Makgi |
| Back Piercing Kick | Dwitcha Jirugi |
| Twin Vertical Punch | Sang Sewo Jirugi |
| Side Punch | Yop Jirugi |
| Side Elbow Strike | Yop Palkup Taerigi |
| Inward Knifehand Strike | Anaero Sonkal Taerigi |
| Free Sparring | Jayo Matsoki |
| Two Step Sparring | Ibo Matsoki |
| Bending Stance | Goburyo Sogi |
| Fixed Stance | Gojong Sogi |
| Closed Ready Stance A | Moa Chumbi Sogi A |
| Twin KnifeHand Block | Sang Sonkal Makgi |
| Double Forearm Block | Doo Palmok Makgi |
| Inward Palm Block | Anaero Sonbadak Makgi |
| Rising Knifehand Block | Chookyo Sonkal Makgi |
| Hooking Block | Golcho Makgi |
| Flat Fingertip Thrust | Opun Sonkut Tulgi |
| Twin Upset Punch | Sang Dwijibo Jirugi |
| Palm Strike | Sonbadak Taerigi |
| Front Elbow Strike | Ap Palkup Taerigi |
| Hooking Kick | Golcho Chagi |
| Upward Knee Kick | Ollyo Moorup Chagi |
| Back Kick | Dwit Chagi |
| Reverse Turning Kick | Bandae Dollyo Chagi |
| Knee | Moorup |
| Back Sole | Dwit Kumchi |
| Back Heel | Dwit Chook |
| Flat Fingertip | Opun Sonkut |
| X-Stance | Kyocha Sogi |
| what does blue signify? | Blue signifies the heaven towards which the plant matures into a towering tree as training in Tae Kwon-Do progresses. |
| Reverse Knifehand Block | Sonkal Dung Makgi |
| U-Shaped Block | Digutcha Makgi |
| Pressing Block | Noolyo Makgi |
| Rising X-Block | Kyocha Chookyo Makgi |
| Angle Punch | Kiokja Jirugi |
| Upper Elbow Strike | Wi Palkup Taerigi |
| Downward Kick | Naeryo Chagi |
| Pressing Kick | Noolyo Chagi |
| Side Thrust Kick | Yop Cha Tulgi |
| Reverse Turning Hooking Kick | Bandae Dollyo Golcho Chagi |
| Consecutive Kick | Yonsok Chagi |
| Reverse Knife Hand | Sonkal Dung |
| Arc Hand | Bandalson |
| Side Sole | Yop Balbadak |
| One Step Sparring | Ilbo Matsoki |
| Free Sparring | Jayo Matsoki |
| Rear Foot Stance | Dwit Bal Sogi |
| Low Stance | Nachuo Sogi |
| Closed Ready Stance B | Moa Chumbi Sogi B |
| How many moves in Joong-Gun? | 32 |
| Meaning of Joong-Gun? | after the patriot Ahn Joong-Gun who assassinated Hiro-Bumi Ito, the first Japanese governor general of Korea , known as the man who played the leading role in the Korea-Japan merger. The moves represent his age when executed in Lui-Shung prison in 1910. |
| What is the Korean for U-shape block and its purpose? | Digutcha Makgi – To block a pole or staff with the Arc hand of both hands |
| What other name is given to U-shape block. Both English & Korean? | Pole block – montong makgi |
| What is the Korean for twin upset punch? | Sang Dwijibo Jirugi |
| What is the Korean for Rear foot stance & explain it? | Dwitbal Sogi |
| What is the Korean for Low stance & explain it? | Nachuo Sogi |
| What is the release move in Joong-Gun & explain it? | Japkgi (grasp), Jap sol tay (release) |
| Name 7 different blocks. Both in Korean & English? | Najunde Bakat Palmok makgi, Kaunde An palmok makgi, Najunde Sonkal makgi, Chookyo makgi, Sang Palmok makgi, Sonkal Daebi makgi, Hechyo makgi, |
| Name 6 different kicks. Both in Korean & English? | Apcha busigi (front snap kick), Yop chajirugi (side piercing kick), Dollyo chagi (turning kick), Dwit chajirugi (back piercing kick), Bandae Dollyo chagi (reverse turning kick), Naeryo chagi (downward or axe kick), Noollo chagi (pressing kick) |
| Name 7 different stances. Both in Korean & English? | Gunnon (Walking), Annun (Sitting), Niunja(L stance), Narani (Parrallel), Charyot (Attention), Gojong (fixed), Moa (closed), Goburyo (bending), Kyocha ( “X” ), Nachuo (Low), Dwitbal (rear foot) Sogi (Stance). |
| Name 7 different hand parts. Both in Korean & English? | Fore fist (Ap Joomuk), Back fist (Dung Joomuk), Side fist (Yop Joomuk), Knifehand (Sonkal), Reverse Knifehand (Sonkal Dung), Finger tips (Sonkut), Arc Hand (Bandal Son), Elbow (Palkup), Palm (Sonbadak), Open fist/palm heel (Pyun Joomuk) |
| Name 5 different foot parts. Both in Korean & English? | Ball of the foot (Apkumchi), Foot sword (Balkal), Instep (Baldung), Back Heel (Dwichook), Toes (Balkut), Back sole (Dwitkumchi), Reverse Foot sword (Balkal Dung). |
| Name 6 different hand attacks from pattern Joong-Gun. Both in Korean & English? | Upward elbow strike – Wi Palkup Taerigi, Angle punch – Giokja Jirugi, Twin upset punch – Sang Dwijibo Jirugi, Twin Vertical punch – Sang Sewo Jirugi, Fore fist punch – Ap joomuk Jirugi, Backfist Strike – Dung Joomuk Taerigi |
| What is the ready position in Joong-Gun. Both in Korean & English? | Closed ready stance “B” – Moa jumbi sogi “B” (Hands 15cm from the Navel) |
| Why do we perform 1-step sparring? | To practice and learn distance, timing and correct target areas |
| Why do we perform patterns? | To practice both offensive & defensive techniques against imaginary opponent, or opponents. To build strength, speed, balance and timing with your body. |
| Why do we learn the meanings of patterns? | To gain inspiration and remember the history of those who came before us. |
| What is Pressing Block in Korean? | Noolyo Makgi |
| What is the Korean for “X” rising block? | Kyocha Chookyo Makgi |
| What is the Korean for Angle punch? | Giokja Jirugi |
| What part of the body is used in performing a particular technique? | Knowing what part of the body is used in performing a technique is essential to performing it correctly. |
| At what height and line of the body is a particular technique performed? | Knowing the height and line of a technique is essential to performing it correctly. |
| What is an inside technique? | An inside technique is a technique that is performed on the inside of the opponents body. For example, the middle block performed in number 1 of three-step sparring. |
| What is an outside technique? | An outside technique is a technique that is performed on the outside of the opponents body. For example, the middle block performed in number 2 of three-step sparring. |
| What is an inward technique? | A inward technique moves towards the center-line of the body. |
| What is an outward technique? | A outward technique moves away from the center-line of the body. |
| Where is the opponent when performing a particular technique? | Remember, when performing techniques and patterns we always have an imaginary opponent. For this to be achieved efficiently, it is essential that the location of the opponent is known. |
| What is the difference between a back elbow and a side elbow? | Back elbow and side elbow are two different techniques. They have different targets, are performed in different ways and are against targets in different positions. Also, the back elbow is performed using a finger-belly |
| What is the difference between a front elbow and an upper elbow? | The front elbow can be used on a number of targets. The upper elbow really only has one target, the point of the chin. Also, they are performed in different ways. |
| What is a front block? | A front block is a block that is performed at the center-line of the body. |
| Why do we use circular motion? | We use circular motion to generate power. For some techniques, the normal linear motion is not sufficient to generate the required power so we use circular motion instead. |
| what is the number one self-defense? | Attack: Grab both shoulders from rear. Defence: Step backwards with one foot and at the same time pivot quickly with both hands raised against their arms. Counter: Push the attacker away with both hands. Withdraw: Step back into a passive stance. |
| what is the number two self-defense? | Attack: Grab the hair with one hand from rear. Defence: Use one hand to hold their hand against head while stepping backwards with one foot and turn to them. Counter: Strike groin. Grab them behind the head and knee to the face. Withdraw: Step back. |
| what is the number three self-defense? | Attack: Grab defender in bear hug from rear. Defence: Stamp on the attacker’s foot or kick the shin before stepping with one foot to expose groin. Be careful to raise one hand in theirs. Counter: Strike the groin before escaping. Withdraw: Step back. |
| what does red represent? | Red signifies danger, cautioning the student to exercise control, whilst warning the opponent to stay away. |
| Low Double Forearm Pushing Block | Najunde Doo Palmok Miro Makgi |
| W-Shape Block | San Makgi |
| Upset Fingertip Thrust | Dwijibun Sonkut Tulgi |
| Twin Side Elbow Thrust | Sang Yop Palkup Tulgi |
| Flying Kick | Twimyo Chagi |
| Knee Kick | Moorup Chagi |
| Twin Front Grasp | Sang Ap Japki |
| Upset Fingertips | Dwijibun Sonkut |
| How many moves in Toi-Gye? | 37 |
| Meaning of Toi-Gye? | Toi-Gye is the pen name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th century A.D), who was an authority on neo-Confucianism. The 37 movements of the pattern refer to his birth-place on 37 degree latitude, the diagram represents “scholar, Gentleman & Samurai” |
| What is the 2nd and 5th move of Toi-Gye. Both in Korean & English and explain its target area? | Upset Finger tip thrust – Dwijibun Sonkut Tulgi – Lower Abdomen |
| Demo & what is the Korean for slow twin side elbow thrust? | Sang Yop Palkup Tulgi – performed in slow motion |
| What is the Korean for “W” shape block? | San makgi |
| What is the Korean for “X” fist pressing block? | Kyocha Joomuk Noollo makgi |
| What is the ready position in Toi-Gye. Both in Korean & English? | Closed ready stance “B” – Moa jumbi sogi “B” (Hands 15cm from the Navel) |
| what is number 4 self-defence? | attack: one arm around waist/shoulders of defender defence: pivot quickly and turn away with hands raised to push attacker |
| what is number 5 self-defence? | attack: grab defender in side headlock defence: turn head towards attacker for breathing. reach around their back and grab hair/collar/face and pull back |
| what is number 6 self-defence? | attack: rear choke hold defence: grab their arm with both hands and pull down while side stepping counter: strike groin multiple times then step away |
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