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AP Psych Unit 11
Testing and Individual Differences
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| intelligence | The ability to solve problems, learn from experience, and use knowledge to adapt to novel situations |
| intelligence test | a method of assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores |
| general intelligence (g) | represents the idea that an individual's overall intelligence is a compilation of different specific abilities |
| factor analysis | a statistical method used to describe variability among observed variables in terms of fewer unobserved variables called factors |
| savant syndrome | A condition in which someone shows exceptional ability in a single skill but limited general mental ability |
| grit | personality trait characterized by perseverance and passion for achieving long-term goals |
| emotional intelligence | ability to understand emotions and motivations in yourself and others |
| mental age | Based on the average level of performance for a particular chronological age, mental age represents a child's level of cognitive ability |
| Stanford-Binet | An early IQ test created by Terman that originally measured intelligence by dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100 |
| intelligence quotient (IQ) | score on a test designed to measure intelligence |
| achievement test | Tests designed to assess current performance in an ability |
| aptitude test | Tests designed to predict future performance in an ability |
| Wechsler Scale (WAIS) | measures verbal and performance (nonverbal) intelligence. standardization |
| standardization | method of testing in which administration, scoring, and interpretation of results are consistent |
| normal curve | the hypothetical bell-shaped distribution curve that occurs when a normal distribution is plotted as a frequency polygon |
| reliability | the ability to consistently find similar results when a test is repeatedly administered in similar conditions |
| validity | A measure of the extent to which a test actually assesses what it claims |
| content validity | The extent to which a test accurately assesses the entire range of abilities it is designed to measure |
| predictive validity | focuses on how well an assessment tool can predict the outcome of some other separate, but related, measure |
| cohort | a group of people who share a common set of demographic characteristics or experiences, including but not limited to age |
| crystallized intelligence | characterized by acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it |
| fluid intelligence | ability to see complex relationships and solve problems |
| intellectual disability | a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life |
| down syndrome | disorder with the the leading known cause of intellectual disability |
| heritability | a measure of how well differences in people's genes account for differences in their traits |
| stereotype threat | when a person feels at risk of conforming to negative stereotypes about his or her race |
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