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unit 9 vocab
review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another | Social psychology |
| the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition | Attribution Theory |
| the tendency for observers, when analyzing others' behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition | Fundamental Attribution Error |
| feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular way to objects, people, and events | Attitude |
| occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts | occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts |
| the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request | Foot-in-the-door phenomenon |
| a set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave | Role |
| the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent | Cognitive Dissonance Theory |
| adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard | Conformity |
| influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval | Normative Social Influence |
| influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions of reality | Informational Social Influence |
| improved performance on simple of well-learned tasks in the presence of others | Social facilitation |
| the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable | Social Loafing |
| the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity | Deindividuation |
| the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group | Group Polarization |
| the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives | Groupthink |
| the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next | Culture |
| an understood rule accepted and expected behavior | Norm |
| an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and it's members. generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action | prejudice |
| a generalized belief about a group of people | stereotype |
| unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members. | Discrimination |
| the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get | Just-World Phenomenon |
| people with whom we share a common identity | In-group |
| those perceived as different or apart from our in-group | out-Group |
| the tendency to favor our own group | In-group bias |
| the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame | Scapegoat theory |
| the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of another race | Other-race effect |
| any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy | Aggression |
| the principle that frustration-the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression | Frustration-aggression principle |
| culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations | Social script |
| the phenomenon that repeated exposure to a novel stimuli increases liking to them | Mere exposure effect |
| an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship | Passionate love |
| the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our life is intertwined | Companionate love |
| a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it | equity |
| revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others | Self-disclosure |
| unselfish regard for the welfare of others | altruism |
| the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present | Bystander effect |
| the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs | Social exchange theory |
| an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them | Reciprocity Norm |
| an expectation that people will help those needing their help | Social-responsibility norm |
| a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas | conflict |
| a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior | Social Trap |
| mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive | Mirror-image perceptions |
| a belief that leads to its own fulfillment | Self-fulfilling prophecy |
| shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation | Superordinate goals |
| Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction - a strategy to decrease international tensions | grit |
Created by:
ctrible