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ap lit exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| tragic hero elements | catharsis, anagnorisis, hamartia, hubris, peripeteia, nemesis |
| hamartia | fatal flaw leading to downfall of tragic hero |
| hubris | extreme pride/arrogance shown by tragic hero |
| peripeteia | sudden reversal in fortune/change in circumstance |
| anagnorisis | moment in plot where character recognizes their true identity/fatal flaw |
| nemesis | inevitable event that befalls tragic hero + is brought on by own actions |
| catharsis | emotional discharge where the character can break the cycle and overcome flaw |
| unreliable narrator | influence bias, uninformed, dishonest / used because multiple perspectives complicate the text |
| situational irony | incongruity between what was expected/what happened |
| dramatic irony | the audience knows more about what's going to happen than the characters do |
| verbal irony | person says/writes one thing and means another |
| tenets of modernism | rejection of traditional subjects/themes, focus on alienated individuals, frequent themes of impermanence/change, use of irony to reveal important ideas, use of symbols/images that suggest other meanings, and use of stream of consciousness |
| modernist literature time frame | 1900-1940's |
| importance of text structure | it's how the information is organized and anticipates what's coming next in the work of literature |
| imagery | visual symbolism that evokes a mental image |
| symbolism | the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities |
| allusion | implied or indirect reference to another person, event, or thing from another text |
| word choice/diction | purposeful choice of words/phrases |
| transcendentalism | literary movement of the 1820s-1830s where idealistic beliefs were popular and personal understandings of things were more important than logic |
| characterization | description of the distinctive traits of a character |
| antagonist | rival to the protagonist |
| protagonist | the leading/main character in a story |
| figurative language | type of communication that does not use a word's strict or realistic meaning |
| allegory | a narrative or visual representation that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning |
| foreshadowing | a narrative device where the author gives a hint of what is to come later in the story |
| personification | the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristic to something unhuman |
| oxymoron | a figure of speech where contradictory terms appear together |
| motif | a distinctive feature that recurs across a story |
| parallelism | a literary device where parts of the sentence are grammatically the same/similar |
| theme | a central topic, subject, or message in a narrative |
| point of view | who is telling/narrating the story |
| romanticism | literary movement in the late 1700's that had an emphasis on emotion and individualism/glorification of the past and nature |
| stream of consiousness | narrative method that depicts the thoughts and feelings that pass through the mind |
| first person narrator | storyteller recounts events from ones own personal point of view |
| second person narrator | the reader is part of the story and is addressed as "you" |
| third person omniscient narrator | the speaker of the story is all knowing |
| third person limited narrator | tells the story from the perspective of a single protagonist and refers to them from the third person |
| third person objective narrator | describes what is happening in the story but does not give any thoughts or feelings of the characters (unbiased) |
| euphemism | word or expression used in place of something that is deemed offensive or considered unpleasant |
| colloquialism | a word of phrase that is not formal or literary |
| caesura | a pause in a verse |
| enjambment | the continuation of a sentence throughout lines |
| bob and wheel | one short line with a single stress (bob), followed by four three-stress lines (wheel) of which the second and fourth lines rhyme with the bob |
| end rhyme | when the last syllables within a verse rhyme |
| alliteration | the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words |
| assonance | the repetition sound of a vowel near enough for the echoes to be discernible |
| consonance | the recurrence of similar sounds (consonants) in close proximity |
| reptition | the action of repeating something that has already been said or written |
| refrain | a verse of phrase that is repeated in intervals throughout the workof literature |
| metaphor | a figure of speech where a word or action is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable |
| simile | a figure of speech comparing two things using "like" or "as" |
| hyperbole | exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken seriously |
| paradox | a self-contradictory statement |
| couplet | two lines of a verse, usually in the same meter and joined by rhyme, that form a unit |
| iambic pentameter | type of metric rhyme line used in traditional English poetry and verse drama |
| onomatopoeia | a word that represents the sound it describes |
| sir gawain | sir gawain and the green knight, nobility + honesty, protagonist |
| the green knight | sir gawain and the green knight, ambiguous + strong, antagonist |
| lord bertilak | sir gawain and the green knight, generous + hospital, foil character to king arthur + is green knight |
| king arthur | sir gawain and the green knight, brave + respected, model of a good knight |
| hamlet | hamlet, melancholy + cynical, protagonist |
| uchendu | things fall apart, nobility + wisdom, support character for okonkwo |
| ophelia | hamlet, naive + loyal, weak femininity |
| claudius | hamlet, morally weak + cunning, corruption |
| gertrude | hamlet, ignorant + selfish, represents view of women in society |
| rosencrantz + Guildenstern | hamlet, silly + unintelligent, childhood friends of hamlet |
| polonius | hamlet, hypocritical + proud, untrustworthy spy |
| laertes | hamlet, headstrong + possessive, revenger like Hamlet (but his enemy) |
| first wife | things fall apart, child-bearer + household maintainer, gives children to Okonkwo |
| ekwefi | things fall apart, strong + intelligent, redefining traditional women boundaries |
| ojiugo | things fall apart, scatterbrained + junior, one of the reasons okonkwo is banished from the village |
| fortinbras | hamlet, impulsive + hot headed, foil of hamlet to better reveal his true character |
| hamlet sr. | hamlet, sorowful + treacherous, initiates the main plot and leads hamlet into insanity |
| hester prynne | the scarlet letter, strong + humble, protagonist |
| reverend arthur dimmesdale | the scarlet letter, shy + sensitive, symbolizes the pain of secret sin |
| pearl prynne | the scarlet letter, stubborn + imaginative, represents both her parents sin and love |
| roger chillingworth | the scarlet letter, manipulative + intelligent, main antagonist |
| okonkwo | things fall apart, productive + violent, protagonist |
| unoka | things fall apart, poor + lazy, negative reputation drives okonkwo to be different |
| obierika | things fall apart, thoughtful + wise, foil to okonkwo |
| the district commisioner | things fall apart, presumptuous + lack of understanding, represents european colonialism |
| mr. brown | things fall apart, patient + understanding, respected portion of the colonialists |
| reverend james smith | things fall apart, strict + uncompromising, replaces mr. brown and negatively impacts the village |
| ikemefuna | things fall apart, talented + hardworking, role model for nwoye |
| nwoye | things fall apart, sensitive + timid, feels out of place in his own community (nobody is the same everywhere) |
| ezinma | things fall apart, smart + determined, the son that okonkwo always wanted |
| jay gatsby | the great gatsby, grandiose + mysterious, symbolizes the american dream in the 1920s |
| nick carraway | the great gatsby, tolerant + good listener, protagonist |
| daisy buchanan | the great gatsby, shallow + amoral, stereotype of high-society women in the 1920's |
| tom buchanan | the great gatsby, arrogant + hypocritical, stereotype of worst aspects of the rich society |
| jordan baker | the great gatsby, cynical + careless, represents liberated women of the 1920s |
| meyer wolfshiem | the great gatsby, shady + ominous, represents link between gatsby's two different personalities |
| mrytle wilson | the great gatsby, ambitious + greedy, represents the lower class that gets societal pressure |
| george wilson | the great gatsby, weak + spiritless, symbolizes working class chasing after american dream |
| akunna | things fall apart, well-respected + forward thinker, represents bridge between people of umuofia and the white missionaries |
| yorick | hamlet, imaginative + affectionate, represents inevitability of death and meaningless of life |
| governor bellingham | the scarlet letter, aristocrat + luxurious, highlights hypocrisy of puritanical culture |
| dr. t.j. eckleburg | the great gatsby, observant + mysterious, symbol of moral authority |
| morgan la fey | sir gawain and the green knight, malicious + cruel, instigates the plot and tests king arthur's men |
| mr. kiaga | things fall apart, respectful + welcoming, interprets to the village without overstepping |
| henry gatz | the great gatsby, old + helpless, provides insight into jay gatsby's driven mindset |
| chielo | things fall apart, respected + dedicated, speaks on behalf of the villlage's god even though she's a woman |
| ogbuefi ugonna | things fall apart, converted to christianity |
Created by:
coolcatkatieg
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