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Nuclear Physics

LC Physics (Radioactivity and Nuclear Energy)

TermDefinition
Emission Spectrum Pattern formed when light undergoes dispersion.
Continuous Spectrum Pattern produced by an incandescent solid/liquid where all visible wavelengths are present.
Emission Line Spectrum Pattern produced when light from an excited gas is passed through a diffraction grating/prism. It consists of a series of bright lines on a dark background unique to each element.
Absorption Line Spectrum Pattern produced when light from an incandescent source is passed through a gas. A series of darks lines is observed on a visible spectrum.
Energy Level Fixed energy value that an electron can have in an atom.
Atomic Number Number of protons in an element. This is also the number of electrons in an element.
Mass Number Number of neutrons and protons in an element.
Isotope An atom of an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons to that element.
Radioactivity The disintegration or decay of the nucleus of certain atoms with the emission of one or more types of radiation.
Three Type of Radiation 1. Alpha 2. Beta 3. Gamma
Alpha Particle Fast moving helium nucleus ejected from the nucleus of a radioactive atom.
Beta Particle High speed electron ejected from the nucleus of a radioactive atom. With beta emission a neutron splits into a proton and an electron.
Gamma Radiation Very high frequency electromagnetic radiation.
Activity Number of nuclei of a radioactive substance decaying per second.
1 Becquerel 1 radioactive disintegration per second.
Law of Radioactive Decay The number of nuclei decaying per second is directly proportional to the number of undecayed nuclei.
Half-life The time taken for half of the undecayed nuclei atoms to undergo decay.
The Mole Amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of Carbon-12. This amount is Avogadro's number 6.02 x 10^23.
Nuclear Fission The splitting of a nucleus into two smaller nuclei of roughly the same size with the release of neutrons and energy.
Nuclear Fusion The fusing of two smaller nuclei to form a larger nuclei with the release of neutrons and energy.
Moderator Slows neutrons down in a nuclear reactor to produce further fission. Graphite or heavy water is used.
Control Rods Absorb neutrons to slow down nuclear fission in a nuclear reactor. Made from steel with cadmium or boron.
Shielding Stops radiation escaping from a nuclear reactor. Usually lead or concrete.
Created by: mduffy13
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