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Pysch 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance? | Hans and Sybil Eysenck |
| Proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics | heritability |
| is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar | Congruence |
| Albert Bandura's theory of personality that emphasizes both cognition and learning as sources of individual differences in personality | Social-cognitive theory |
| someone's level of confidence in their own abilities | self-efficacy |
| personality develops through learning; behaviorist; believed that environment was solely responsible for all behavior, including the enduring; we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns, because we have developed certain response tendencies | B.F. Skinner |
| common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next | Collective unconscious |
| pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies | Archetype |
| Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). This questionnaire describes a person's degree of introversion versus extroversion, thinking versus feeling, intuition versus sensation, and judg | Myer-Briggs Type Indicator |
| Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt | persona |
| refers to a person's feelings that they lack worth and don't measure up to others' or to society's standards | Inferiority complex |
| Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior? | Group processes |
| tendency for individuals to take credit by making dispositional or internal attributions for positive outcomes and situational or external attributions for negative outcomes | Self-serving bias |
| When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________. | person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting |
| Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment? | Zimbardo |
| socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group | Social Role |
| A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative. | attitude |
| persuasion of one person by another person, encouraging a person to agree to a small favor, or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item | Foot in the door technique |
| logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness | central route persuasion |
| is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. | Group polarization |
| Who was the social psychology professor at Yale who designed an obedience study in order to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis? | Stanley Milgram |
| tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group | Diffusion of responsibility |
| The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese. | bystander effect |
| condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors | Psychological disorder |
| Wakefield defined psychological disorder as a harmful dysfunction | Wakefield |
| authoritative index of mental disorders and the criteria for their diagnosis; published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) |
| co-occurrence of two disorders in the same individual | Comorbitity |
| anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks | Panic disorder |
| childhood disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| characterized by the tendency to experience intrusive and unwanted thoughts and urges (obsession) and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) in response to the unwanted thoughts and urges | Obsessive-compulsive Disorder |
| subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year | Seasonal pattern |
| thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt | Suicidal ideation |
| severe disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior with symptoms that include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and negative symptoms | Schizophrenia |
| Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder. | psychotic |
| therapist's understanding and attention to issues of race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment | Cultural competence |
| repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse | Relapse |
| Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease. | chronic |
| therapist's first meeting with the client in which the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs | Intake |
| treatment modality in which 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meet together with a trained clinician | Group therapy |
| therapeutic orientation aimed at helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves; aka cognitive behavioral therapy | Humanistic therapy |
| therapist cannot disclose confidential communications to any third party, unless mandated or permitted by law | Confidentiality |
| counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior | Aversive conditioning |
| counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior | Behavior therapy |
| non-directive form of humanistic psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes unconditional positive regard and self-acceptance | Client-centered therapy |
| Psychoanalysis was developed by Sigmund Freud and was the first form of psychotherapy | Psychoanalysis |
| Play therapy is often used with children since they are not likely to sit on a couch and recall their dreams or engage in traditional talk therapy | Play therapy |
| Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality | Sigmund Freud |
| ____ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving | trait |
| an ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve | What is the just-world hypothesis |
| group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members | Social norm |
| group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus | Group think |
| when individuals change their behavior to go along with the group even if they do not agree with the group | Conformity |
| seeking out information that supports our stereotypes while ignoring information that is inconsistent with our stereotypes | Confirmation bias |
| situation in which a witness or bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress | Bystander effect |
| founder of psychoanalysis; levels of consciousness (id, ego, superego); defense mechanisms (denial, displacement, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, regression, repression, sublimation); psychosexual stages of development | Freud |
| Refusing to accept real events because they are unpleasant | Denial |
| transferring inappropriate urges or behaviors onto a more acceptable or less threatening target | Displacement |
| attributing unacceptable desires to others | Projection |
| justifying behaviors by substituting acceptable reasons for less-acceptable real reasons | Rationalization |
| reducing anxiety by adopting beliefs contrary to your own belief | Reaction formation |
| Suppressing painful memories and thoughts | Regression |
| redirecting unacceptable desires through socially acceptable channels | Sublimation |
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