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chapter 28 homework questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| At the end of meiosis II, one spermatogonium has formed | 4 spermatids. |
| Testosterone is secreted by the | interstitial endocrine cells. |
| Why are inguinal hernias generally associated with males? | Males have a canal through the abdominal wall that the testes move through, and it often does not close up properly. |
| The space bounded by the labia minora is the | vestibule. |
| The delicate layer of serous membrane that covers the testis is called the | tunica vaginalis. |
| The fluid-filled cavity that appears in a secondary follicle is called the | antrum. |
| The middle piece of the sperm contains the ________ in a spiral arrangement. | mitochondria |
| Painful menstruation is called | dysmenorrhea |
| The average length of the menstrual cycle is ________ days. | 28 |
| During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, the | functional zone of the endometrium is restored. |
| Prostate cancer typically originates in one of the secretory glands of the prostate. Which of the following is NOT a secretory organ in the male reproductive system? | adrenal gland |
| What is the function of uterine tube peg cells? | secrete nutrient-rich fluid |
| What is the precursor for all steroid hormones in both males and females? (Figure 28-25) | cholesterol |
| A sample of a woman's blood is analyzed for reproductive hormone levels. The results indicate a high level of progesterone, relatively high levels of inhibin, and low levels of FSH and LH. The female is most likely experiencing ________ of the uterine cyc | the secretory phase |
| Which region of the uterine tube captures the ovum? | infundibulum |
| Progesterone levels are highest during which phases of the ovarian and uterine cycles, respectively? | luteal; secretory |
| A rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for | follicle maturation. |
| The fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the | foreskin |
| Which of the following statements concerning oogenesis is false? | About half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty. |
| The corpus spongiosum of the penis in males is analogous to the ________ in females. | bulb of vestibule |
| The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is | progesterone. |
| Straight tubules originate at the seminiferous tubules and form a network of passageways called the | rete testis. |
| The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the | ductus deferens (vas deferens). |
| The reproductive organ that produces gametes is called a | gonad. |
| The organ that produces a secretion that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen is the | seminal gland (seminal vesicle). |
| The paired erectile bodies in the penis are the | corpora cavernosa. |
| The primary follicle develops from the | primordial follicle. |
| Which layer of the uterus undergoes dramatic changes in thickness and structure during the uterine cycle responding to hormones. | functional layer of the endometrium |
| Fatty folds of skin that encircle and partially conceal the labia minora and vestibule are the | labia majora. |
| The hood that covers the clitoris is called the | prepuce. |
| Ovarian cancer is a cancer of the female gonads. Therefore, ovarian cancer is to women as __________ cancer is to men. | testicular cancer |
| The small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus are the | bulbo-urethral glands. |
| The cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by meiosis I are called | secondary spermatocytes. |
| Which of the following is oldest type of cell present in the testis? | spermatogonia |
| Interstitial endocrine cells produce | testosterone |
| The reproductive system includes all of the following except | glands and organs that produce and store urine. |
| The hormone that stimulates spermatogenesis in males is | FSH. |
| During the menstrual phase, | the old functional layer is sloughed off. |
| Cervical cancer could spread to other reproductive structures. Which of the following structures is furthest from the cervix? | the infundibulum of the uterine tubes |
| The spermatic cord is | a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis. |
| The PSA test is used for diagnosis of | prostate cancer. |
| The organ that transports the ovum to the uterus is the | uterine (Fallopian) tube. |
| The organ that transports the ovum to the uterus is the | uterine (Fallopian) tube. |
| Which of the following descriptions best matches the term endometrium? | consists of a functional zone and a basilar zone of epithelium |
| The vulva includes all of the following except the | vagina. |
| The male gonad is called a(n) | testis. |
| The organ that delivers semen into the female reproductive tract is the | penis. |
| The pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple is the | areola |
| The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the | uterus. |
| At what stage of development is the oocyte during ovulation? (Figure 28-22) | secondary oocyte |
| Functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system include all of the following except | production of sperm. |
| The organ that surrounds the urethra and produces an acidic secretion is the | prostate gland. |
| The Pap smear looks for abnormal cytology of the | cervix. |
| The organ that receives and stores the semen after ejaculation is the __________. | vagina |
| The hormonal change most responsible for the tissue changes seen in menopause is _________. | a decrease in estrogen |
| Arrange the four structures listed below into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the external urethral orifice. 1. ductus deferens 2. urethra 3. ejaculatory duct 4. epididymis | 4, 1, 3, 2 |
| The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra in males is the | corpus spongiosum. |
| Semen contains all of the following except | spermatogonia. |
| Sperm production occurs in the | seminiferous tubules. |
| Which of these is NOT a similarity between the male and female reproductive systems? | Both will produce the same number of gametes over the person's lifetime. |
| In a mature human sperm, the | head contains 23 chromosomes. |
| What is the name of the cell at each stage of sperm development, from mitosis to spermiogenesis? (Figure 28-9) | spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatids, sperm |
| Which of the following does not contribute to seminal fluid? | spermatic cords |
| The granulosa cells of developing follicles secrete | estrogens. |
| Sexual arousal and orgasm in males and females share a number of similarities EXCEPT __________. | Sexual arousal and orgasm in males and females are similar in all of the listed aspects. |
| The surgical removal of the foreskin is called | circumcision. |
| The menstrual and proliferative phases of the uterine cycle occur during the ________ phase of the ovarian cycle. | follicular |
| The uterine phase that develops because of a fall in progesterone levels is the | menstrual phase. |
| The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers | ovulation. |
| Which of the following structures is NOT part of the male reproductive tract? | ureter |
| The ________ consists of the follicle cells that cling to the oocyte after ovulation. | corona radiata |
| The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial endocrine cells to secrete testosterone is | LH. |
| Sperm develop from stem cells called | spermatogonia. |
| The erectile tissue that extends down into the glans penis is the | corpus spongiosum. |
| The segment of the uterine tube where fertilization commonly occurs is the | boundary between the ampulla and isthmus. |
| Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens (vas deferens) by | peristaltic contractions. |
| Which of the following are not important enzymes found in seminal fluid? | hydrolases, remove water and concentrate semen |
| The inferior one-third portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the | cervix. |
| Spermatids mature into sperm by the process of | spermiogenesis. |
| In which of the four parts of a sperm are the centrioles found? (Figure 28-11) | neck |
| The ductus deferens passes through the ________ to enter the pelvic cavity. | inguinal canal |
| Which of the following statements regarding erection is false? | It is commonly the result of plaque in the blood vessels supplying the erectile tissue. |
| Which of the following statements concerning the vagina is false? | It loses a portion of its lining during menses. |
| The nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following except | secrete testosterone. |
| The first menses is called the | menarche. |
| The ducts of the mammary glands open to the body surface through a | nipple. |
| Kevin has been experiencing difficulty urinating now that he is over the age of 60. The doctor examines his prostate gland and finds no evidence of inflammation. Furthermore, Kevin's PSA test is normal. It is most likely that Kevin is suffering from | benign prostatic hypertrophy. |
| Contraction of the dartos muscle | tightens the scrotum. |
| A vasectomy would interfere with a man's ability to | deliver sperm to the ejaculatory duct. |
| Which of the following is not a similarity between the testis and ovary? | Both produce progesterone. |
| Which of the following statements about the female gamete is FALSE? | There are only about 1000 immature ova at birth. |
| The organ that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged sperm, and is the site of sperm maturation is the | epididymis. |
| Which of the following glands contributes the most volume to semen? | seminal gland (seminal vesicle) |
| The role of FSH in males is to | initiate sperm production in the testes. |
| The secretion of the hormone __________ triggers __________. | LH; ovulation |
| Inward projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septa testis, divide the testis into | lobules. |
| In a 28 day cycle, ovulation typically occurs around day | 14. |
| The secretory phase of the uterine cycle occurs during the ________ phase of the ovarian cycle. | luteal |
| The process of spermiogenesis produces | sperm. |
| If the prostate stopped secreting fluid, this would result in semen | with a higher than normal pH. |
| The term ________ means the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum by the time of birth. | cryptorchidism |
| The broad ligament is a(n) | |
| The cremaster muscle can raise and lower the testes to regulate | temperature. |
| The thick muscular layer of the uterus is the | myometrium. |
| The ________ of a sperm contains the enzymes essential for fertilization. | acrosome |
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brina192