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Earth/Space Sciences
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Geosphere | The rocks, minerals, and nonliving parts of soil. The geosphere includes the surface of earth and well below the surface. |
| Biosphere | Contains all areas of the earth where life can exist (animals and plants. |
| Hydrosphere | All the water in the Earth system including: ice, snow, bodies of water, and water vapor. |
| Atmosphere | The layers of gas (air) surrounding Earth. |
| Plants growing in soil is an example of an interaction between what two spheres? | Geosphere/Biosphere Interaction |
| Fish living in a lake or animals drinking water to survive is an example of an interaction between what two spheres? | Hydrosphere/Biosphere Interaction |
| Birds flying in the sky or animals and plants requiring air (carbon dioxide or oxygen) to survive is an example of an interaction between what two spheres? | Atmosphere/Biosphere Interaction |
| Water evaporating into the atmosphere and then condensing into clouds is an example of an interaction between what two spheres? | Atmosphere/Hydrosphere Interaction |
| Wind eroding (wearing down) rocks is an example of an interaction between what two spheres? | Atmosphere/Geosphere Interaction |
| The water of rivers weathering rocks is an example of an interaction between what two spheres? | Hydrosphere/Geosphere Interaction |
| What percentage of the earth's surface is salt or fresh water? | 70% of the earth's surface is water! |
| Where is the majority of water found on earth's surface? | The majority of earth's water is salt water found in oceans. |
| Where can the fresh water on earth's surface be found? | The small amount of freshwater on earth is found in glaciers, underground and bodies of water like lakes and rivers. |
| How does the ocean impact the coastline? | Coastal erosion by waves forms cliffs and beaches as water wears down the rock and sand and then washes it out to sea. |
| How can El Niño and La Niña years affect weather? | El Niño (Warmer Pacific Ocean) can leads to storms like hurricanes in areas like California while La Niña (Cooler Pacific Ocean) can cause droughts. |
| What is evaporation? And how does it work in the water cycle? | The change from: LIQUID --> GAS The heat from the sun causes the liquid water in the ocean to change to water vapor, a gas, that enters the atmosphere. |
| What is condensation? And how does it work in the water cycle? | The change from: GAS --> LIQUID Water Vapor, a gas, change back to water droplets, a liquid, to form clouds due to the cooling temperatures in the atmosphere. |
| What is precipitation? | Water falling to Earth' surface from clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. |
| What needs to happen to the temperature and pressure in order for water to EVAPORATE? | High temperature and High Pressure causes the water to evaporate into the air (evaporation). |
| What do fossils tell us about the earth? | Fossils in rocks show us what the environment on earth was like long ago. Fossils can also tell us how old a layer of rock is. If scientists know when an animal lived, they can determine the age of the rock that the fossil was found in. |
| What is weathering? | Weathering is the processing of breaking down rocks and other materials into smaller pieces. Water, ice, and living things (like the roots of plants) can weather rock. |
| What are some examples of geological hazards? | Earthquakes: Shaking from tectonic plates shifting. Tsunamis: Large ocean waves from earthquakes that flood whole regions of land. Volcanic eruptions: Molten rock and ash expulsion. |
| How can we prepare for Geological Hazards? | Emergency drills and early warning systems to evacuate the area can save lives. Teaching how to recognize the signs of a potential hazard can also prepare people to start taking action before the event happens. |
| What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources? | Renewable: Resources that do not run out and can be replaced quickly. These are GOOD! Nonrenewable: Resources that cannot be replaced as quickly as we use them. These should be AVOIDED! |
| What is the impact of non-renewable resource use? | Overusing these resources can lead to lead to: Depletion (running out of these resources someday) Pollution Habitat destruction |
| What is the difference between weather and climate? | Weather: Short-term conditions (daily or weekly patterns) of the atmosphere like air temperature and precipitation. Climate: Long-term patterns of weather for an area of the world. |
| What is a Meteorologist? | A scientist who studies and predicts the weather. |
| What is a Meteorological Hazard? | Severe weather events like hurricanes, blizzards, tornadoes, and lightning storms. |
| What are some possible damages caused by severe weather? | Hurricane: Strong winds and flooding can cause damages to houses. Blizzard: Icy roads making transportation unsafe. Tornado: Rotating winds can cause destruction of houses. Lightning: Electrical discharge of lightening can cause fires. |
| What are some Solutions for Severe Weather? | Storm shelters, reinforced buildings, and evacuation plans. |
| What is gravity? | Force pulling objects towards the center of the earth. |
| Why does the sun appear to be the brightest star in the sky compared to other stars from our perspective on earth? | Proximity (close distance) to earth makes the sun appear brighter than distant stars. |
| What causes day and night? | Rotation of earth on its axis leads to 24 hours of alternating light and darkness. One half of the world experiences day and the other half experiences night. |
| How does earth's rotation cause changes in shadows across the day? | The sun's changing position in the sky creates varying shadow lengths and directions at different times of the day. |
| Why do the stars appear to move across the sky over the course of a night? | Stars seem to move due to earth's rotation (spinning on its axis). |
| How does earth's revolution around the sun affect the appearance of stars across the sky? | We see different constellations in different seasons. We cannot see certain constellations during specific seasons because the sun is blocking our view of them. |
| What must happen to the air temperature and pressure in order for water to condense and form clouds in the atmosphere? | Both pressure and temperature must DECREASE in order for water to condense (gas --> liquid) and form water droplets to form clouds. |
| Why was smoke (lighting a match and dropping into the bottle) necessary to form clouds in our investigation? | For clouds to form in the atmosphere, moisture needs small particles in the air to attach to. In our investigation, it was smoke from the match that supplied the small particles that moisture attached to. |
| Compared to a sunny day with no clouds, how does increased cloud formation affect the weather conditions of both daytime air temperature and chance of precipitation in an area? | Compared to sunny days, cloudy days would be cooler with a greater chance of precipitation. |
| As air pressure increases, temperature _________________________. | INCREASES |
| As air pressure decreases, temperature ________________________. | DECREASES |
| How does water cause weathering? | Rivers can slowly carve away at rock as they flow over. Oceans can slowly weather rock on the coastline as the water weathers rock. |
| How does ice cause weathering? | Water can seep into cracks in rocks and when it freezes, the ice expands and forces the rock to crack even further. |
| How do living things cause weathering? | Plants can start growing in the cracks of rocks and as the roots grow, they gradually open the cracks even more. |
| What is erosion? | The movement of weathered rock material and soil from one place to another. |
| What is deposition? | The deposit (dropping) of soil and rock material in a new location. The material deposited is called sediment. |
| What are Contour/Topographic Maps? | Maps that show details about the shape of land including elevation (height above sea level). |
| What are fossils? | Traces of living things preserved in earth's crust. |
| What pattern can we observe due to the moon's orbit around earth? | The moon changes shape (phases) over the span of 30 days or a month. |
| What is a desert climate? Describe temperature and precipitation. | LOW Precipitation They can be hot or cold!***** |
| What is an arctic/polar climate? Describe temperature and precipitation. | LOW Precipitation COLD Temperatures |
| What is a temperate continental climate? Describe temperature and precipitation. | Warm summers and Cold winters Moderate amount of precipitation |
| What is a tropical climate? Describe temperature and precipitation. | HIGH Precipitation HOT Temperatures |
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