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Hypersensitivity I
type 1, 2, 3, 4 hypersensitivity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In _______ reactions, cell-bound antibody reacts with antigen to release physiologically active substances. | Type I hypersensitivity |
| ________ reactions are those in which free antibody reacts with antigen associated with cell surfaces. | Type II |
| complement produces tissue damage in ______ | Type II and III |
| No complement is involve | Type I, IV |
| In _______hypersensitivity, antibody reacts with soluble antigen to form complexes that precipitate in the tissues. | type III |
| _______hypersensitivity differs from the other three, because __________rather than antibody are responsible for the symptoms that develop. | Type IV; sensitized T cells |
| Types _____ have previously been referred to as immediate hypersensitivity because symptoms develop within a few minutes to a few hours. | I–III |
| Type____ hypersensitivity has been called delayed hypersensitivity | IV |
| The distinguishing feature of type I hypersensitivity is the _________ | short time lag |
| The key reactant present in type I, or immediate sensitivity reactions, is ______. | IgE |
| Antigens that trigger formation of IgE are called ____________, or allergens. | atopic antigens |
| _________ refers to an inherited tendency to respond to naturally occurring inhaled and ingested allergens with continued production of IgE. | Atopy |
| _____________ cells internalize and process allergens from the environment and transport the allergen-MHC class II complex to local lymphoid tissue, where synthesis of IgE occurs. | Langerhans and dendritic |
| In Type I reactions, IgE serves as an _____ on mast cells and basophils | antigen receptor |
| Cross-linking of surface-bound IgE on basophils and mast cells by a specific allergen causes changes in the cell membrane that result in the release of preformed or _________ | primary mediators |
| primary mediators, include __________, heparin, eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A), neutrophil chemotactic factor, and proteases. | histamine |
| _______ is the most severe type of allergic response, because it is an acute reaction that simultaneously involves multiple organs. | Anaphylaxis |
| _________ is the most common form of atopy, or allergy. | Rhinitis |
| The ______ test uses radiolabeled IgE to compete with patient IgE for binding sites on a solid phase coated with anti-IgE. | RIST- first used test in Type I |
| _____ testing methods involve the use of enzyme or fluorescent labels rather than radioactivity . | RAST |
| The reactants responsible for type II hypersensitivity, or cytotoxic hypersensitivity, are ______. | IgG and IgM |
| In Type II, Antibody coats cellular surfaces and promotes phagocytosis by both ______ and activation of the _________. | opsonization; complement cascade |
| Examples of ______ reactions include transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN ,and autoimmune hemolytic anemia . | type II |
| Some type II reactions involve destruction/damage of _____; ex:Goodpasture’s syndrome, Hashimoto’s disease, myasthenia gravis, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. | tissues |
| The _______ Coombs’ Test can detect in vivo attachment of antibodies to the patient’s own red cells. | Direct Coombs’ |
| The _________ Coombs’ Test can detect in vitro attachment of antibodies in the patient’s serum to a panel of reference red cells with known antigens on their surfaces. | Indirect Coombs’ |
| Type III hypersensitivity reactions are similar to type II reactions since IgG or IgM is involved and destruction is ___________.However, in the case of type III reactions, the antigen is_______ | complement mediated; soluble |
| Deposition of immune complexes in blood vessels is a characteristic of _______. | Arthus reaction Type III |
| ________ results from passive immunization with animal serum | Serum sickness |
| Type III hypersensitivity reactions can be triggered by either ________antigens. | autologous or heterologous |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis are _______; Complement enhances tissue destruction in both diseases. | Type III hypersensitivity |
| In ______, antibodies are directed against constituents such as DNA and nucleohistones, which are found in most cells of the body. | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) |
| Immune complex deposition in SLE involves multiple organs, but the main damage occurs to the ________ basement membrane in the kidney. | glomerular |
| In rheumatoid arthritis, an antibody called ___________ is directed against IgG | rheumatoid factor |
| Allergic skin reactions to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and environmental antigens such as poison ivy typify the _________hypersensitivity reaction.EX: contact dermatitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, the tuberculin skin test | Type IV |
| Immune mediator-IgE; Antigen-heterologus | Type I |
| Immune mediator-IgG; Antigen- Autologous or heterologus | Type II |
| Immune mediator-IgG or IgM; Antigen- Autologous or heterologus | Type III |
| Immune mediator-T cells activation; Antigen- Autologous or heterologus | Type IV |
| Immune mechanism: release mediators from mast cells and basophils | Type I |
| Immune mechanism: Cytolisis due to Ab and complement | Type II |
| Immune mechanism: Deposits of Ag-Ab complexes; tissue damage results from exocytosis | Type III |
| Immune mechanism: Release of cytokines | Type IV |
| ECF-A | eosinophil chemotactic factor anaphylaxis |
| HDN | Hemolitic disease of the newborn |
| When serum transfer fro an allergic individual to a nonallergic individual; is known as_____ | passive cutaneous anaphylaxix |
| Less frequent cause of immune hemolitic anemia is typically found in persons 50-60 years old | cold autoagglutinins |
| Used to screed for transfusion reactions, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and HDN | DAT direct antiglobulin testing |
| In general hypersensitive reactions, either ______ or _______ antigen may be involved | self-antigen; or heterologous |
| Activation of Th1 cells are associated with an increase in ________ production | IgE |
| Presence of IgG on red blood cells, presence of C3b or C3d on red cells, and a transfusion reaction due to preformed antibody is causes a positive _______ test | DAT direct antiglobulin testing |
| An inhereted tendency to respond to allergens is associated w/ _________ hypersensisivity. | Type I |
| PGD2 is a newly synthesized mediator and has a mode of action similar to that of ____ | histamine |
| Building up of IgE on mast cells is associated w/ _______ | anaphylaxis |
| Prior exposure to foreign red cell antigen result in __________ | HDN Hemolitic disease of the newborn |
Created by:
tatianat