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Practice 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Because of their location, swollen palatine tonsils may interfere with__________. neither breathing nor swallowing breathing only swallowing only both breathing and swallowing | both breathing and swallowing |
| If you take a piece of white bread and chew it slowly for a long period of time, the flavor will become very sweet. This is due to the starch molecules in the bread being digested into smaller sugars that trigger a sweet sensation. Which substance is responsible for this breakdown? Salivary amylase Pepsin Mucus Bicarbonate ions | Salivary amylase |
| Which is not an involuntary part of the swallowing reflex? The tongue presses against the uvula and soft palate. The epiglottis closes off the top of the trachea. Muscles pull the pharynx upward toward the food. The tongue rolls chewed food into a bolus and pushes it to the oropharynx. | The tongue rolls chewed food into a bolus and pushes it to the oropharynx. |
| A child hanging upside down from a tree takes a bite from a candy bar. What prevents the bolus from entering the upper part of the nasopharynx? During the swallowing reflex, the tongue presses against the soft palate and pushes the soft palate up to close off the nasopharynx. The most anterior section of the nasopharynx is only connected to the oropharynx by small ducts, so the bolus cannot enter it. | During the swallowing reflex, the tongue presses against the soft palate and pushes the soft palate up to close off the nasopharynx. |
| A child hanging upside down from a tree takes a bite from a candy bar. How does the bolus move along the esophagus? The pharyngeal constrictor muscles push the bolus into the esophagus and force it to remain there until the child returns to an upright position, when gravity can move it to the stomach. Peristalsis of the esophageal walls force the bolus to the stomach. Pressure changes due to inhalation draw the bolus through the esophagus. | Peristalsis of the esophageal walls force the bolus to the stomach |
| Edith suffers from severe heartburn. She goes to her physician and is diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. This condition affects her__________. abdominal wall diaphragm heart small intestine | diaphragm |
| Elliot thought that his peptic ulcers were caused by his nagging parents, and was surprised when the doctor handed him a prescription for medication to treat__________. a viral infection a bacterial infection excess bile a high pH | a bacterial infection |
| Matthew takes a drug that inhibits the production of HCl in the stomach to ease the symptoms of a gastric ulcer. If he takes it for a long time, digestion of which nutrient would be affected the most? Lipids Proteins Minerals Carbohydrates | Proteins |
| David has sustained severe damage to his liver in a car accident. Digestion of which nutrient will be most affected? Vitamins Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids | Lipids |
| Which of the following is the correct sequence for the digestion and absorption of lipids? 1. Formation of chylomicrons 2. Emulsification by bile 3. Diffusion through the epithelial cell membrane 4. Hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase 5. Movement into lacteal ducts 2, 4, 3, 1, 5 2, 1, 4, 3, 5 4, 3, 2, 1, 5 3, 2, 4, 5, 1 | 2, 4, 3, 1, 5 |
| Jaundice is the abnormal yellowish-tint of tissues, such as the sclera of the eye. Jaudice is due to the accumulation of what substance? Bile pigments Carotene Hemoglobin A Cholesterol | Bile pigments |
| You are flipping through your Instagram feed, which is full of pictures of food. Which of the following digestive processes did this most likely stimulate? Mastication Deglutition Defecation Salivation | Salivation |
| What is a function of the digestive system? Ingests and breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and defecates the unabsorbed material. Sends cellular debris to lysosomes. Absorbs nutrients in the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and stomach, and releases nutrients in the intestines. Mechanically and chemically assembles food from absorbed nutrients. | Ingests and breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and defecates the unabsorbed material. |
| Where does peristalsis occur in the digestive tract? In the stomach and small intestine only From the pharynx to the anus In the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine In the small and large intestines only | From the pharynx to the anus |
| What is a function of saliva? Breaking food into smaller pieces Cleansing the esophagus Beginning the chemical digestion of carbohydrates Absorbing fat from ingested food | Beginning the chemical digestion of carbohydrates |
| What stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall? Protein in the stomach Protein and fat in the small intestine Carbohydrates in the small intestine Fat in the stomach | Protein and fat in the small intestine |
| What regulates pancreatic secretion of digestive enzymes? The amount of food eaten Bile salts Cholesterol Cholecystokinin | Cholecystokinin |
| Which of the following is true about bile? It is produced by the liver. It contains concentrated enzymes that digest carbohydrates. Secretin stimulates its release into the duodenum. Cholecystokinin stimulates its production. | It is produced by the liver. |
| Which of the following is a function of the liver? It forms glucose from noncarbohydrates. It produces red blood cells. It stores vitamin C. It secretes chymotrypsin. | It forms glucose from noncarbohydrates. |
| Why might gallstones form? Because hepatic cells secrete too much HCl Because the liver is lacerated Because bile is too concentrated Because the pH of the gallbladder becomes too alkaline | Because bile is too concentrated |
| Bile salts function like detergents in that they__________ fat globules. liquefy emulsify digest coagulate | emulsify |
| Which of the following occurs during the defecation reflex? Diaphragm is lowered. Internal abdominal pressure is decreased. Abdominal wall muscles relax. Glottis is opened. | Diaphragm is lowered. |
| Enlarged blood vessels of the anal columns are called__________. peritonitis diarrhea hemorrhoids polyps | hemorrhoids |
| How is hepatitis B transmitted? Contact with infected feces Sexual activity Infected food Travel to developing countries | Sexual activity |
| Hepatitis C accounts for nearly half the known causes of hepatitis. How is hepatitis C transmitted? Having sexual intercouse with an infected person Coming in contact with infected blood Coming in contact with infected saliva Eating infected food | Coming in contact with infected blood |
| The parotid gland is located__________ and functions to__________. behind the stomach; produce and secrete digestive enzymes in the wall of the small intestine; produce and secrete mucus under the mandible; produce and secrete saliva on the side of the mouth; produce and secrete saliva | on the side of the mouth; produce and secrete saliva |
| What accessory organ is attached to the duodenum and secretes fluid rich in digestive enzymes? Gallbladder Parotid gland Stomach Pancreas | Pancreas |
| The alimentary canal extends between what two points? The liver to the gallbladder The mouth to the large intestine The mouth to the anus The stomach to the small intestine | The mouth to the anus |
| Activities of the digestive system generally increase when it is stimulated by__________ impulses. somatic parasympathetic sensory sympathetic | parasympathetic |
| What teeth are best adapted for biting off chunks of food? Bicuspids Molars Incisors Canines | Incisors |
| The mechanical breakup of food particles in the mouth is called__________. absorption mastication peristalsis salivation | mastication |
| What is the uvula? A projection from the soft palate A type of tooth Part of the tongue A flap of tissue that keeps food from entering the trachea | A projection from the soft palate |
| Heartburn is usually caused by the effects of gastric juice on the__________. heart small intestine stomach esophagus | esophagus |
| What is secreted by the parietal cells of gastric glands? Pepsin Pepsinogen Mucus Hydrochloric acid | Hydrochloric acid |
| What is the action of the hormone secretin? Inhibits the action of pancreatic lipase Activates chymotrypsin Stimulates release of pancreatic juice Converts trypsinogen to trypsin | Stimulates release of pancreatic juice |
| What protein-digesting enzyme is found in pancreatic juice? Pancrease Trypsin Amylase Nuclease | Trypsin |
| Which of the following is not a function of the liver? Maintaining blood glucose concentration Secretion of bile Formation of urea Secretion of insulin | Secretion of insulin |
| Which constituent of bile has a digestive function? Bile pigments Cholesterol Bile salts Electrolytes | Bile salts |
| The common hepatic duct and the cystic duct unite to form the__________. hepatic duct common bile duct pancreatic duct hepatopancreatic duct | common bile duct |
| What part of the digestive tract has the most lymph nodules and bacteria? Jejunum Duodenum Colon Ileum | Ileum |
| The major mixing movement in the small intestine is accomplished by__________. segmentation mass movement peristalsis churning | segmentation |
| Chylomicrons transport dietary fats to__________ through the blood. neurons and neuroglia bones and cartilage the liver and gallbladder muscle and adipose cells | muscle and adipose cells |
| What organ produces VLDL? Stomach Pancreas Kidneys Liver | Liver |
| What lipoprotein picks up cholesterol from the peripheral tissues and returns it to the liver? VLDLs Triglycerides HDLs LDLs | HDLs |
| What is one of the functions of the large intestine? To regulate the release of bile To secrete digestive enzymes To break down hemoglobin To absorb ingested water | To absorb ingested water |
| Which organ is not part of the gastrointestinal tract? Esophagus Liver Large intestine Oral cavity | Liver |
| Where are nucleic acids chemically digested? In the mouth In the stomach In the large intestine In the small intestine | In the small intestine |
| Chapter 17 Study Material J. Garrison | |
| Chylomicrons transport dietary fats to__________ through the blood. Correct Answer muscle and adipose cells 👍 the liver and gallbladder neurons and neuroglia bones and cartilage |
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