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Sociology Chapter 19
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anxiety disorders | feelings of worry and fearfulness that last for months at a time |
| commodification | the changing of something not generally thought of as a commodity into something that can be bought and sold in a marketplace |
| contested illness | illnesses that are questioned or considered questionable by some medical professionals |
| demedicalization | the social process that normalizes “sick” behavior |
| disability | a reduction in one’s ability to perform everyday tasks; the World Health Organization notes that this is a social limitation |
| epidemiology | the study of the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases |
| impairment | the physical limitations a less-able person faces |
| individual mandate | a government rule that requires everyone to have insurance coverage or they will have to pay a penalty |
| legitimation | the act of a physician certifying that an illness is genuine |
| medical sociology | the systematic study of how humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and healthcare for both the sick and the healthy |
| medicalization | the process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy |
| medicalization of deviance | the process that changes “bad” behavior into “sick” behavior |
| mood disorders | long-term, debilitating illnesses like depression and bipolar disorder |
| morbidity | the incidence of disease |
| mortality | the number of deaths in a given time or place |
| personality disorders | disorders that cause people to behave in ways that are seen as abnormal to society but seem normal to them |
| private healthcare | health insurance that a person buys from a private company; private healthcare can either be employer-sponsored or direct-purchase |
| public healthcare | health insurance that is funded or provided by the government |
| sick role | the pattern of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them |
| social epidemiology | the study of the causes and distribution of diseases |
| socialized medicine | when the government owns and runs the entire healthcare system |
| stereotype interchangeability | stereotypes that don’t change and that get recycled for application to a new subordinate group |
| stigmatization | the act of spoiling someone's identity; they are labeled as different, discriminated against, and sometimes even shunned due to an illness or disability |
| stigmatization of illness | illnesses that are discriminated against and whose sufferers are looked down upon or even shunned by society |
| underinsured | people who spend at least 10 percent of their income on healthcare costs that are not covered by insurance |
| universal healthcare | a system that guarantees healthcare coverage for everyone |