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Anthro Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An “emic” perspective is the perspective of… | the studied culture. |
| Life histories include... | collecting a personal narrative of someone’s life. the context in which culture is experienced. helping anthropologists be more aware of what makes life meaningful to an individual. |
| “Minimal responses” in a language are… | used by women more than men.vocal indications that one is listening. m-hm,” or “yeah,” or “I see,” or similar utterances. |
| What is the study of how meaning is conveyed at the word and phrase level? | Semantics |
| Through immersive fieldwork, living and working with the people they are studying, cultural anthropologists suspend their own sense of what is ------------- in order to understand other people’s perspectives. | "normal" |
| The opposite of cultural relativism is ____, or the tendency to view one’s own culture as the most important and correct and as a measuring stick by which to evaluate all other cultures that are largely seen as inferior and morally suspect. | ethnocentrism |
| What is ethnography? | An in-depth study of everyday practices and lives of a people. |
| An “etic” perspective is the perspective of… | the observer. |
| Which of the following are key anthropological perspectives? | Relativism and comparison. Comparison and fieldwork .Holism and relativism |
| What is the type of observation in which anthropologists observe while participating in the same activities in which their informants are engaged? | Participant-observation |
| ______ is a subsistence system that relies on herds of domesticated livestock. | Pastoralism |
| The domestic mode of production organizes labor and daily activities within families according to ____ and ____. | c. age and gender |
| Settled farming emerged around _______ years ago. | 12,000 |
| People whose gardens supply the majority of their food as known as _____. | horticulturalists |
| What is the set of practices used by members of a society to acquire food known as? | The subsistence system |
| The four modes of subsistence are… | foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture |
| Humans use material possessions to… | meet needs. regulate social lives. affirm the rightful order of things. |
| What is a commodity chain? | The series of steps a food takes from the location where it is produced to the store where it is sold to consumers. |
| Horticulture and pastoralism emerged around _______ years ago. | 12,000 |
| What is an approach in anthropology that investigates the historical evolution of economic relationships, as well as the contemporary political processes and social structures that contribute to differences in income and wealth? | Political economy |
| ____ have a clear tendency toward instability despite trappings designed to induce awe in the wider population. | States |
| Households may include… | nuclear families. extended families. combinations of families that share a residence and other property as well as rights and responsibilities |
| A pattern of residence in which married individuals live with or near an uncle is known as… | avunculocal residence |
| The terms “matriarchy” and “patriarchy” refer to… | the power structure in a society |
| What are kinship systems that recognize only one sex-based “side” of the family known as? | Unilineal descent systems |
| A pattern of residence in which married individuals lives with or near the husband’s father family is known as… | patrilocal residence |
| What is the name for a society in which there is no great difference in status or power between individuals and there are as many valued status positions in the societies as there are persons able to fill them? | An egalitarian society |
| What is a lineage? | Individuals who can trace or demonstrate their descent through a line of males or females to the founding ancestor |
| What are peasants? | Groups named after the French term for “countryman” .Groups defined in reference to some larger society, such as an empire or state.Residents of a state who earn a living through farming |
| The term clan refers to… | a group of people who have a general notion of common descent that is not attached to a specific ancestor |
| What is a racial classification system in which a person of mixed racial heritage is automatically categorized as a member of the less or least privileged group? | hypodescent |
| Social characteristics such as ____ can influence how an anthropologist engages in fieldwork. | gender and sexuality .race and class .religion and religious background Correct! |
| Same-sex sexual and romantic relationships probably exist in every society, but concepts like “gay,” “lesbian,” and “bisexual” are _______ that, in many ways, reflect a culturally specific gender ideology and a set of beliefs about how sexual preferences | cultural products |
| During the 18th and 19th centuries, anthropology was sometimes referred to as the science of… | race |
| Martha Ward and Monica Edelstein estimate that intersex individuals constitute what percent of human births? | . 5% |
| Physical anthropologists have found that there are _____ that are exclusive to a racial group. | no specific genetic traits |
| Cultural definitions of gender that recognize some gender differentiation, but also accept “gender bending” and role-crossing according to individual capacities and preferences are known as… | androgyny |
| One of the biggest reasons so many people continue to believe in the existence of biological human races is that the idea has been intensively _____ in literature, the media, and culture for more than three hundred years. | . reified |
| What is the name for the process by which social, economic, and political forces determine the content and importance of racial categories? | racial formation |
| By 2011, an estimated _____ people in the United States identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender. | 8.7 million |
| The definition of religion as “the belief in supernatural beings” is… | excluding much of what people around the world actually believe. |
| What is another name for the ideology of free-market capitalism emphasizing privatization and unregulated markets? | Neoliberalism |
| The intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa is Manfred Steger’s definition of… | globalization |
| Despite the wide variety of supernatural beliefs found in cultures around the world, most belief systems include… | cosmology. belief in a realm beyond direct human experience. .ritual |
| Rituals associated with beliefs in the supernatural… | play a significant role in structuring community life. play a significant role in providing rules or guidelines for human behavior. play a significant role in bonding members of a community to one another |
| What are sacred objects or ideas? | Set apart from the ordinary and treated with great respect . |
| What is the series of steps a food takes from the location where it is produced to the store where it is sold to consumers known as? | The commodity chain |
| What is magic, from an anthropological perspective? | Practices intended to bring supernatural forces under one’s personal control |
| A ritual or action or set of actions designed to bring a community together could also be called a… | rite of intensification |
| The “technoscape” of globalization refers to… | flows of technology |
| Scientists have estimated that ___ of all of the current medicinal drugs in use worldwide were originally derived from plant materials? | 60% |
| What is hegemony? | Power so pervasive that it is rarely acknowledged or even recognized, yet informs everyday actions. |
| What is the Anthropocene? | A term proposed to describe the current moment (or epoch) in geological time in which the effects of human activities have altered the fundamental geochemical cycles of the earth. |
| What is ecocide? | Environmental destruction |
| What is ethnoecology? | Use and knowledge of plants, animals, and ecosystems by traditional societies. |
| When local residents benefit from protected area jobs as ___, they recognize the positive economic benefits of protected area conservation and support the initiatives. | park guards . tour guides.research assistants |
| In anthropological terms, a performance can be… | artful. reflexive. traditional |
| Which of the following exemplifies the myth of the ecologically noble savage? | the primitive Na’vi in the film Avatar . Disney's Pocahontas.treating indigenous peoples as an imagined "other" constructed as the opposite of Western culture rather than endeavoring to understand the world views and complexities of indigenous cultures. |
| What is a term that describes the migration of generally affluent people from urban areas to rural areas for the amenities of nature, recreation, and scenic beauty associated with rural areas? | Exurban |
| What is a personal front or the personal front? | Aspects of one’s clothing, physical characteristics, comportment, and facial expressions that communicate an impression to others. |
| What is a definition for mass communication? | One-to-many communication that privileges the sender and/or owner of the technology that transmits the media. |
| What is an example of how interactions between biology and culture have affected human biology? | The obesity epidemic that has emerged all over the world.Sickle cell anemia.Cholera |
| Media anthropologists… | rely on deep relationships with people. push the boundaries of what counts as ethnographic research and academic writing.rely on holistic consideration of the full range of media practices from around the world. |
| What are the four ethno-etiologies? | personalistic, naturalistic, emotionalistic, and biomedical |
| What is indigenous media? | Media produced by and for indigenous communities often outside of the commercial mainstream. |
| What is a definition for media, according to media anthropologists? | It is a word that is used to describe a set of technologies that connect multiple people at one time to shared content. |
| What are naturalistic ethno-etiologies? | They view disease as the result of natural forces such as cold, heat, winds, dampness, and above all, by an upset in the balance of the basic body elements. |
| Today, __ in ___ people in the world do not have access to adequate nutrition, the most basic element of good health. | 1 in 8 |
| What is cultural infrastructure, to a media anthropologist? | The values and beliefs of communities, states, and/or societies that make the imagining of a particular type of network possible. |
| What is a placebo effect? | A response to treatment that occurs because the person receiving the treatment believes it will work, not because the treatment itself is effective. |
Created by:
DrewMontero