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6 and 7 Gov vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chief Executive | The power to execute, or carry out, the nation's laws. |
| Commander in Chief | President's title of the nation's military. |
| Foreign Policy | The job of formulating the nation's plans and procedures for dealing with other countries. |
| Diplomacy | Is the art of negotiating with foreign governments. |
| Chief of State | Also known as the head of state, the president takes on the role of the symbolic figurehead of the United States. |
| Succession | Is the process of succeeding, or coming after, someone. |
| Executive Privilege | This power allows a president to refuse to release information to Congress or a court. |
| Executive Orders | A formal role or regulation instructing executive branch officials on how to carry out their jobs. |
| Pardon | Releases a convicted criminal from having to fulfill a sentence. |
| Amnesty | Which grants a group of offenders a general pardon for offenses committed. |
| Commute | The power to reduce, a person's sentence. |
| Executive Office of the President | Consists of a number of separate offices that help the president formulate policy. |
| White House Office | Consists of the president's key person and political staff. |
| Chief of Staff | The precise role of the chief of staff varies from president to president. |
| National Security Council | It brings together the top military, foreign affairs, and intelligence officials in the administration to coordinate U.S. national security policy. |
| Council of Economic Advisers | It provides the president with expert analysis of the economy. |
| Executive Departments | Are responsible for carrying out laws, administering programs, and making regulations in their particular area of responsibility. |
| bureaucracy | a type of organization, either in government or the private sector, having the following features: a clear formal structure, a division of labor, and a set of rules and procedures by which it operates |
| bureaucrats | the administrators and skilled, expert workers who carry out many specific tasks of the bureaucracy |
| civil service | the group of nonmilitary government workers who carry out the work of the federal government |
| independent agencies | government agencies that operate separately from the executive departments and are established to address issues that have become too complicated or require too much specialized knowledge to handle through regular legislation |
| independent executive agencies | government agencies established to oversee and manage a specific aspect of the federal government |
| bipartisan | made up of members from both major political parties |
| income tax | a tax on a person's or corporation's income |
| progressive tax | a tax whose rates increase as the amount that is subject to taxation increases |
| payroll tax | money that is withheld from a person's paycheck by his or her employer |
| regressive tax | a tax that has a greater impact on lower-income earners than on upper-income earners |
| proportional tax | a tax that is applied at the same rate against all income |
| bond | a financial instrument by which a borrower agrees to pay back money, plus interest, at a future date |
| federal debt | the total amount of money that the government has borrowed and not yet repaid |
| fiscal policy | a government's policy of taxation and spending |
| monetary policy | a government's policy of regulating the money in circulation and the interest rates at which money is borrowed. |
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