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Ch 17 key concepts

QuestionAnswer
1. Because of their location, swollen palatine tonsils may interfere with__________. Breathing and swallowing – page 673
2. Starch molecules in the bread being digested into smaller sugars trigger a sweet sensation. Which substance is responsible for this breakdown? Salivary amylase -page 675-676
3. What is not an involuntary part of the swallowing reflex? first stage, food is chewed and mixed with saliva then tongue rolls mixture into bolus and forces into oropharynx -page 679
4. What prevents the bolus from entering the upper part of the nasopharynx if a person is upside down? Soft palate and uvula -page 679
5. What is a hiatal hernia. This condition affects her__________. occurs when part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity, affecting the esophagus. Page -
6. Elliot thought that his peptic ulcers were caused by his nagging parents, and was surprised when the doctor handed him a prescription for medication to treat__________. Helicobacter pylori infection.- page 684
7. Matthew takes a drug that inhibits the production of HCl in the stomach to ease the symptoms of a gastric ulcer. If he takes it for a long time, digestion of which nutrient would be affected the most?There has been severe damage to his liver Digestion of which nutrient will be most affected? Proteins -page 684
8. Which of the following is the correct sequence for the digestion and absorption of lipids? Emulsification by bile, Hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase, Diffusion through the epithelial cell membrane, Formation of chylomicrons, Movement into lacteal ducts – page 683
9. Formation of chylomicrons This occurs in the epithelial cells of the small intestine and involves the packaging of lipids and proteins into chylomicrons for transport into the lacteals of the lymphatic system. – page 700
10. Emulsification by bile Bile, which is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, emulsifies fat globules in the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. Page 691-692
11. Diffusion through the epithelial cell membrane Lipids diffuse through the epithelial cell membrane in the small intestine as part of the absorption process.- page 700
12. Hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase Pancreatic lipase is secreted by the pancreas and breaks down triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids in the small intestine. -page 699
13. Movement into lacteal ducts Once absorbed and processed, chylomicrons move into the lacteal ducts (lymphatic vessels) of the small intestine for transport through the lymphatic system. – page 697
14. Jaundice is due to the accumulation of what substance? Bilirubin – page 691
15. If you see pictures of food. What digestive processes did this most likely stimulate? Cephalic phase -page 683
16. What is a function of the digestive system? Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Elimination -page 667
17. Where does peristalsis occur in the digestive tract? esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine -Page 671
18. What is a function of saliva? Moistening food, Aiding in the formation of the bolus, Initial chemical digestion (salivary amylase), Antimicrobial activity – page 675-676
19. What stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall? The presence of fats and proteins in the chyme entering the small intestine stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin. – page 688
20. What regulates pancreatic secretion of digestive enzymes? Pancreatic secretion is regulated by hormones, primarily secretin and cholecystokinin. – Page 686
21. Which of the following is true about bile? It is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, It emulsifies fats, aiding in lipid digestion, It contains bile salts that help in the absorption of fats -page 687
22. Which of the following is a function of the liver? Metabolism of nutrients, Detoxification, Bile production, Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals, Synthesis of plasma proteins – page 689
23. Why might gallstones form? an imbalance in the components of bile, such as an excess of cholesterol or a lack of bile salts – Page 688
24. Bile salts function like detergents in that they__________ fat globules. emulsifying (breaking down) – page 689
25. Which of the following occurs during the defecation reflex? During the defecation reflex, the rectum contracts and the internal anal sphincter relaxes.- page 707
26. Enlarged blood vessels of the anal columns are called__________. Hemorrhoids – page 704
27. How is hepatitis B transmitted? contact with infected blood, bodily fluids, and sexual contact. – page 693
28. Hepatitis C accounts for nearly half the known causes of hepatitis. How is hepatitis C transmitted? contact with infected blood, often through needles, blood transfusions, or organ transplants.- page 693
29. The parotid gland is located__________ and functions to__________. ear (anterior and inferior to the ear), produce saliva – page 676
30. What accessory organ is attached to the duodenum and secretes fluid rich in digestive enzymes? The pancreas-page 687
31. The alimentary canal extends between what two points? mouth to the anus. – page 667
32. Activities of the digestive system generally increase when it is stimulated by__________ impulses. parasympathetic impulses.- page 667
33. What teeth are best adapted for biting off chunks of food? Incisors – page 674
34. The mechanical breakup of food particles in the mouth is called__________. Mastication (chewing) – page 679
35. What is the uvula? structure that hangs from the back of the soft palate and helps prevent food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing.- page 673
36. Heartburn is usually caused by the effects of gastric juice on the__________. Esophagus- page 680
37. What is secreted by the parietal cells of gastric glands? hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor.- page 681, 683
38. What is the action of the hormone secretin? stimulating the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich fluid to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine.- page 688
39. What protein-digesting enzyme is found in pancreatic juice? Trypsin- page 687
40. List the functions of the liver? Bile production, Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals, Detoxification of blood, Synthesis of plasma proteins – page 689
41. Discuss bile digestive function? emulsify fats in the small intestine, aiding in the digestion and absorption of lipids.- page 691
42. The common hepatic duct and the cystic duct unite to form the__________. Common bile duct -page 692
43. What part of the digestive tract has the most lymph nodules and bacteria? ileum (distal portion of the small intestine) – page 709
44. The major mixing movement in the small intestine is accomplished by__________. Segmentation (a mixing movement)-page 670
45. Chylomicrons transport dietary fats to__________ through the blood. body cells and tissues- page 700
46. What organ produces VLDL? The liver- page 690
47. What lipoprotein picks up cholesterol from the peripheral tissues and returns it to the liver? High-density lipoprotein (HDL) – page 699
48. What are the functions of the large intestine? Absorption of water and electrolytes, Formation and storage of feces, Secretion of mucus, Synthesis of certain vitamins (such as vitamin K and biotin) by gut bacteria -page 705
49. List the parts of the gastrointestinal tract? Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), Large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum), Anus – page 671
50. Where are nucleic acids chemically digested? small intestine by pancreatic nucleases.- page 687
Created by: RobisonS
 

 



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