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Chapter 17 Concepts

QuestionAnswer
1. Because of their location, swollen palatine tonsils may interfere with__________. Swallowing. 692
2. Starch molecules in the bread being digested into smaller sugars trigger a sweet sensation. Which substance is responsible for this breakdown? Salivary amylase. 677
3. What is not an involuntary part of the swallowing reflex? Voluntary initiation. 703
4. What prevents the bolus from entering the upper part of the nasopharynx if a person is upside down? The uvula. 690
5. What is a hiatal hernia. This condition affects her__________. A hiatal hernia is a condition where a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. This condition affects the digestive system. 699
6. Elliot thought that his peptic ulcers were caused by his nagging parents, and was surprised when the doctor handed him a prescription for medication to treat__________. Helicobacter pylori infection. 696
7. Matthew takes a drug that inhibits the production of HCl in the stomach to ease the symptoms of a gastric ulcer. If he takes it for a long time, digestion of which nutrient would be affected the most?There has been severe damage to his liver Digestion of which nutrient will be most affected? Protein; fat. 700
8. Which of the following is the correct sequence for the digestion and absorption of lipids? 10-12-4-3-1. 697
9. Formation of chylomicrons Formation of chylomicrons. 689
10. Emulsification by bile Emulsification by bile. 684
11. Diffusion through the epithelial cell membrane Diffusion through the epithelial cell membrane. 670
12. Hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase Hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase. 678
13. Movement into lacteal ducts Movement into lacteal ducts. 675
14. Jaundice is due to the accumulation of what substance? Bilirubin. 688
15. If you see pictures of food. What digestive processes did this most likely stimulate? Salivation and gastric juice secretion. 702
16. What is a function of the digestive system? Breaking down food into nutrients for absorption and providing energy to the body. 681
17. Where does peristalsis occur in the digestive tract? Throughout the entire digestive tract. 686
18. What is a function of saliva? Moistening and lubricating food, initiating digestion of carbohydrates, and cleansing the mouth. 691
19. What stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall? Presence of fatty acids and amino acids in the small intestine. 671
20. What regulates pancreatic secretion of digestive enzymes? Cholecystokinin (CCK). 685
21. Which of the following is true about bile? It is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aids in the digestion and absorption of fats, and is alkaline in nature. 694
22. Which of the following is a function of the liver? Detoxification of blood, synthesis of plasma proteins, and storage of vitamins and minerals. 704
23. Why might gallstones form? Imbalance in the composition of bile, leading to precipitation of cholesterol or bilirubin. 672
24. Bile salts function like detergents in that they__________ fat globules. Break down. 706
25. Which of the following occurs during the defecation reflex? Relaxation of the internal anal sphincter and contraction of the rectal muscles. 696
26. Enlarged blood vessels of the anal columns are called__________. Hemorrhoids. 707
27. How is hepatitis B transmitted? Through contact with infected blood, semen, or other bodily fluids. 708
28. Hepatitis C accounts for nearly half the known causes of hepatitis. How is hepatitis C transmitted? Through contact with infected blood, primarily via sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia. 674
29. The parotid gland is located__________ and functions to__________. The parotid gland is located in front of the ears and functions to secrete saliva. 682
30. What accessory organ is attached to the duodenum and secretes fluid rich in digestive enzymes? The pancreas, which secretes pancreatic juice. 701
31. The alimentary canal extends between what two points? Between the mouth (oral cavity) and the anus. 705
32. Activities of the digestive system generally increase when it is stimulated by__________ impulses. Nervous. 673
33. What teeth are best adapted for biting off chunks of food? Incisors. 680
34. The mechanical breakup of food particles in the mouth is called__________. Mastication. 693
35. What is the uvula? A fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate. 679
36. Heartburn is usually caused by the effects of gastric juice on the__________. Esophagus. 668
37. What is secreted by the parietal cells of gastric glands? Hydrochloric acid (HCl). 683
38. What is the action of the hormone secretin? Stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice and bile. 687
39. What protein-digesting enzyme is found in pancreatic juice? Trypsin. 689
40. List the functions of the liver? Metabolism, detoxification, bile production, storage of vitamins and minerals, and synthesis of plasma proteins. 709
41. Discuss bile digestive function? Bile aids in emulsifying fats, facilitating their digestion and absorption in the small intestine. 695
42. The common hepatic duct and the cystic duct unite to form the__________. Common bile duct. 676
43. What part of the digestive tract has the most lymph nodules and bacteria? The ileum of the small intestine. 698
44. The major mixing movement in the small intestine is accomplished by__________. Segmentation. 669
45. Chylomicrons transport dietary fats to__________ through the blood. Adipose tissue. 670
46. What organ produces VLDL? Liver. 702
47. What lipoprotein picks up cholesterol from the peripheral tissues and returns it to the liver? HDL (high-density lipoprotein). 693
48. What are the functions of the large intestine? Absorption of water and electrolytes, formation and storage of feces, and maintenance of intestinal flora. 674
49. List the parts of the gastrointestinal tract? Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus. 700
50. Where are nucleic acids chemically digested? In the small intestine, primarily in the duodenum and jejunum, by pancreatic nucleases and intestinal brush border enzymes. 689
Chapter 17 Key Concepts J. Garrison
 



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