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Chapter 19 Concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What respiratory volumes is the largest? | Inspiratory reserve volume |
| 2. What must you do to reach high notes? | Increase the tension of your vocal cords |
| 3. What must you do to produce a louder sound? | Change the force of air passing over your vocal cords. |
| 4. What is illuminated when a flashlight is placed just below the eyebrow | Frontal sinus |
| 5. The larynx becomes irritated and inflamed from an infection, acid reflux, or strenuous use of the vocal cords. What symptoms would you directly associate with having laryngitis, considering the structures affected? | Loss of voice or quiet raspy voice |
| 6. Why do premature newborns often develop respiratory distress syndrome? | They do not have efficient levels of surfactant |
| 7. What would happen to partial pressures of gases in the blood if the breathing rate did not increase with physical exercise? | Partial pressures of CO2 would incease |
| 8. Why can’t you hold your breath? | Increased CO2 and hydrogen ion concentration & decreased oxygen stimulates the chemoreceptors, triggering inspiration |
| 9. A__________ is a condition in which air separates the visceral and parietal pleura in the chest, resulting in a collapsed lung. | Pneumothorax. 774 |
| 10. What is the result of hyperventilation? | Decreased PCO2 & increased pH |
| 11. What changes occur during his moderate physical exercise? | Breathing rate increases & PO2 & POC2 remain nearly unchanged |
| 12. What makes you fail during a breathalyzer test? | Alcohol diffuse from blood into the alveoli in your lungs |
| 13. Why is carbon monoxide dangerous? | it takes place oxygen therefore reducing oxygen carrying capacity |
| 14. If a fire is still burning, what was the greatest danger for the respiratory systems of those people in the area? | Very small particles of airborne debris |
| 15. Instead of using pure oxygen in a clinical situation, carbon dioxide is typically part of the gas mixture used. What is the benefit of having carbon dioxide in this gas mixture? | It will increase at the rate and depth of breathing |
| 16. The process called__________ involves gas exchange between the atmosphere and the cells of the body and the resulting chemical reactions that provide the cells with energy to function. | Respiration. 773 |
| 17. Describe the process of ventilation. | Movement of air into and out of lungs |
| 18. Where are the vocal cords located? | In the larynx. |
| 19. What is the correct order of structures, from superior to inferior? | Nasopharynx --> oropharynx --> laryngopharynx |
| 20. The nasal cavity is lined with__________ epithelium. | Pseudostratified ciliated |
| 21. Describe the trachea? | It is comprised of C-shaped cartilage rings |
| 22. The right lung has__________ lobes; the left lung has__________ lobes. | Three; two. |
| 23. Following a normal inspiration, the volume of additional air that enters the lungs during forced maximal inspiration is called the__________. | Inspiratory reserve volume. 753 |
| 24. Name the volume of air that is moved in (or out) during a single quiet respiratory cycle. | Tidal volume. 751 |
| 25. Where are the respiratory control areas located? | Pons & medulla oblongata |
| 26. What has an effect on the pH of blood? | Carbon dioxide |
| 27. Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located? | In the aortic arch & carotid arteries |
| 28. What type of tissue forms the walls of the alveoli? | Simple squamous epithelium. 772 |
| 29. The presence of__________ in the alveoli ensure that particles brought in with inhaled air are removed. | macrophages. |
| 30. What protein can transport some of the carbon dioxide in the blood? | hemoglobin. |
| 31. What is globin? | the protein part of hemoglobin |
| 32. What is atelectasis? | Collapse of a lung or of a region of a lung |
| 33. How is oxygen transported in the blood? | 98% bound to hemoglobin; 2% dissolved in plasma |
| 34. How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood? | 70% transported as HCO3-; 23% bound to hemoglobin; 7% dissolved in plasma |
| 35. What is included in the process of external respiration? | Gas exchange at the lungs |
| 36. Which of the following does not contain a paranasal sinus? | Zygomatic bone |
| 37. Which of the following is not a function of the mucus-lined nasal passages? | Cooling exhaled air |
| 38. The pharynx functions as a passageway for__________, whereas the larynx functions as a passageway for__________. | Passageway for air and food; passageway for air only. 770 |
| 39. What is a pneumothorax? | Air within the pleural space |
| 40. A__________ is a sudden inspiration caused by a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm while the glottis is closed. | hiccup |
| 41. What is typically the underlying cause of adult sleep apnea? | Obstruction of upper airway |
Created by:
garrisonjr84