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IB Physics Vocab
Section: Electric Currents
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Electric Potential Difference (ΔV) | electric potential energy difference per unit charge between two points in an electric field (ΔV = ΔEe / q OR ΔV = W / q) |
| Electron Volt (eV) | energy gained by an electron moving through an electric potential difference of one volt. (OR: Work done moving an electron through an electric potential difference of one Volt.) (1 eV = 1.60 x 10-19 J) |
| Electric Current (I) | current is defined in terms of the force per unit length between parallel current (one ampere of current is the amount of current in each of two long straight wires one meter apart experiencing a magnetic force per unit length of 2 x 10-7 newtons) |
| Resistance (R) | ratio of potential difference applied to a device to the current through the device (R = V/I) |
| Resistor | device with a constant resistance (Ohmic device) over a wide range of potential differences |
| Ohm’s Law | The current flowing through a device is proportional to the potential difference applied across it providing the temperature is constant. (NOTE: R = V/I is not a statement of |
| Ohmic Device | one whose resistance remains constant over a wide range of potential differences (ex – resistor) |
| Non-Ohmic Device | one whose resistance does not remain constant over a wide range of potential differences (ex. - filament lamp) |
| Electromotive Force (emf) | Total energy difference per unit charge around a circuit (total energy per unit charge made available by the chemical reaction in the battery) (ε = ΔEe/q OR ε = W/q) |
| Internal Resistance (r) | Resistance inside a battery that causes the battery's terminal potential difference to be less than its emf (NOTE: internal Resistance in a meter causes it not to act as an ideal meter) |
| Ideal Ammeter | one with zero internal resistance -- must be placed in series |
| Ideal Voltmeter | one with infinite resistance -- must be placed in parallel |
| Potential Divider | two resistors placed in series that divide up the battery's potential difference (R1 / R2 = V1 / V2) |
| Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) | sensor whose resistance depends on amount of light shining on its surface -- increase in light causes a decrease in resistance |
| Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) Thermistor | sensor whose resistance depends on its temperature -- increase in temperature causes decrease in resistance |
| Strain Gauge | sensor whose output voltage depends on any small extension or compression that occurs which results in a change of length |
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