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IB Physics Vocab
Section: Gravitation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation | The force of gravity between two objects is directly proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them and acts along a line joining their centers. |
| Gravitational Field Strength (g) | gravitational force per unit mass on a point mass (g = Fg / m) |
| Gravitational Potential Energy (EP) | the work done in moving a mass from infinity to a point in space (NOTE: the work done is path independent) |
| Gravitational Potential (V) | the work done per unit mass in moving a mass from infinity to a point in space |
| Equipotential Surface | every point on it has the same potential |
| Escape Speed | minimum speed of a rocket needed to escape the gravitational attraction of a planet |
| Kepler’s Third Law | the ratio of the orbital period squared to the average orbital radius cubed is constant for all planets |
| Weightlessness in free-fall | a sensation of weightlessness because a person is falling freely toward the Earth, hence there is no normal force (reaction force) acting on the person due to gravity |
| Weightlessness in orbital motion | a sensation of weightlessness due to the spacecraft and all objects in it being in constant free-fall together as they circle Earth |
| Weightlessness in deep space | a sensation of weightlessness due to the minimal pull of gravity very far from any massive object |
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mikeyWs4509
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