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Mia Battilega
Anatomy final week 12, 13 & 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The _____ of each lung lies against the ribs and is rounded to match the contours of the thoracic cavity. apex hilum base costal surface | costal surface |
| An inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that involves the airways of the lungs is called rhinitis. acute bronchitis. tuberculosis. pneumonia. | Pneumonia |
| The trachea divides at its lower end into two secondary bronchi. bronchioles. primary bronchi. alveoli. | Alveoli |
| The small leaf-shaped cartilage that projects upward behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the glottis. epiglottis. cricoid cartilage. thyroid cartilage. | epiglottis. |
| During respiration, the thorax becomes smaller when the chest is raised. becomes larger when the chest is raised. does not change. none of the above. | becomes larger when the chest is raised. |
| The roof of the nose is separated from the cranial cavity by a portion of the ethmoid bone called the cribriform plate. cleft palate. palatine bone. ala. | cribriform plate. |
| The microscopic cilia function to filter air. move air to the lungs. move air to the pharynx. move mucus toward the pharynx. | move mucus toward the pharynx. |
| The trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs make up the upper respiratory tract. lower respiratory tract. cell respiration. none of the above. | lower respiratory tract. |
| The vibrissae function as filters. baffles. producers of mucus. all of the above. | producers of mucus. |
| If you were to trace the movement of air through the nose into the pharynx, it would pass through the following structures in which order? | anterior nares, vestibule, meatus, and posterior nares |
| The air-containing spaces that open, or drain, into the nasal cavity are called nasal mucosa. turbinates. conchae. paranasal sinuses. | paranasal sinuses. |
| Gas exchange occurs only in the bronchi. bronchioles. Alveoli upper respiratory tract. | Alveoli |
| A common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree is pharyngitis. laryngitis. epistaxis. acute bronchitis. | acute bronchitis. |
| Which organ consists largely of cartilages that are attached to one another and to surrounding structures by muscles or fibrous and elastic tissue components? nose pharynx larynx lung | larynx |
| The surface of the respiratory membrane inside each alveolus is coated with a fluid containing an air sac. a bronchiole. a respiratory membrane. surfactant. | Surfactant |
| The more common name for the pharynx is the: throat. windpipe. voice box. nasal cavity. | throat. |
| Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane? Ciliated respiratory mucosa Alveolar epithelium Capillary epithelium All of the above are part of the respiratory membrane. | Capillary epithelium |
| In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the: horizontal fissure. oblique fissure. bronchopulmonary segments. hilum. | horizontal fissure. |
| The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the: maxillary. frontal. ethmoid. sphenoid. | Maxillary |
| The respiratory system can be divided into what two parts? Air distribution and gas exchangeAids in forming vowel sounds Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract Trachea and lungs Cranial and thoracic | Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract |
| Olfactory epithelium is found: lining the nasopharynx. covering the superior turbinate. lining the paranasal sinuses. in all of the above. | covering the superior turbinate. |
| The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the: epiglottis. cricoid cartilage. glottis. thyroid cartilage. | cricoid cartilage. |
| Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect might this have on the aspiration of objects? | The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the right bronchus. |
| Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? Their origin is the hyoid bone. They move the larynx as a whole. They serve in voice production. Both A and B are correct. | They serve in voice production. |
| Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane? Vestibule Posterior nares Trachea Primary bronchi | Vestibule |
| The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called: choanae. paranasal sinuses. conchae. vibrissae. | conchae. |
| The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the: larynx. trachea. oropharynx. nasopharynx. | trachea. |
| The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm. 5 11 17 24 | 11 |
| The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _____ epithelium. stratified columnar pseudostratified columnar simple squamous simple columnar | pseudostratified columnar |
| The structure in the neck known as the “Adam’s apple” is the: epiglottis. cricoid cartilage. glottis. thyroid cartilage. | thyroid cartilage. |
| The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as: nostrils. anterior nares. external nares. all of the above. | All of the above |
| The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the: oropharynx. nasopharynx. esophagus. Both A and B are correct. | Ororpharynx |
| The divisions of the thoracic cavity include all of the following except the: left pleural cavity. right pleural cavity. respiratory cavity. mediastinum. | Respiratory cavity |
| The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are: primary bronchi. secondary bronchi. tertiary bronchi. Bronchioles. | Bronchioles. |
| Which of these structures is not found in the left lung? Oblique fissure Secondary bronchi entering the superior lobe Secondary bronchi entering the inferior lobe Horizontal fissure | Horizontal fissure |
| The total number of lobes in both lungs is: 6 5 4 3 | 5 |
| The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the: septum. conchae. cribriform plate. turbinates. | Septum |
| Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate? It separates the nasal and cranial cavities. It forms the lateral aspects of the nose. It separates the internal nose from the mouth. It forms a midline separation in the nasal cavity. | It separates the nasal and cranial cavities. |
| Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx? | Anterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares |
| The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the: trachea. nose. nasopharynx. oropharynx. | nasopharynx. |
| Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: bone marrow. a serous fluid. mucus. air. | Air |
| All are true regarding the structure of Surfactant except: surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins produced in the main stem bronchus keeps the lung inflated at the end of respiration formed by type II alveolar cells | produced in the main stem bronchus |
| The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the: cricoid cartilage. thyroid cartilage. corniculate cartilage. epiglottis. | Epiglottis |
| Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the respiratory system? Oral cavity Trachea Rib cage Diaphragm | Trachea |
| The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the: nasopharynx. oropharynx. laryngopharynx. | oropharynx. |
| The right angle between the transverse colon and the ascending colon is the: costal angle. hepatic flexure. left colonic bend. splenic flexure. | hepatic flexure. |
| Which of the following salivary glands produces only a mucus type of saliva? Sublinguals Parotids Submandibulars Both A and B | Sublinguals |
| Proper anatomical order for divisions of colon: descending, transverse, sigmoid, and ascending. ascending, transverse, sigmoid, and descending. sigmoid, ascending, transverse, and descending. ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid. | ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid. |
| The more common term for deglutition is: chewing. swallowing. mechanical digestion. vomiting. | swallowing. |
| Which of the following is not an anatomical part of the small intestine? Duodenum Cecum Ileum Jejunum | Cecum |
| Surgical removal of the gallbladder is referred to as: cholelithiasis. cholecystitis. cholecystectomy. choledochorrhaphy. | cholecystectomy. |
| Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest? Esophagus Duodenum Jejunum Ileum | Ileum |
| The walls of the GI tract are composed of ____ layers of tissue. two three four five | Four |
| The substance that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is: enamel. dentin. cementum. pulp. | cementum. |
| Which of the following papillae of the tongue lack taste buds? Vallate Fungiform Filiform Lingual | Filiform |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion? Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine | Esophagus |
| After leaving the stomach, food enters the: large intestine. small intestine. esophagus. rectum. | small intestine. |
| A barium enema study is used to detect and locate: polyps. tumors. diverticula. all of the above. | all of the above. |
| Which of the following is not a lobe of the liver? Right lobe Medial lobe Left lobe Caudate lobe Quadrate lobe | Medial lobe |
| Phagocytic cells lining liver sinusoids are called _____ cells. chief alpha Kupffer hepatic | Kupffer |
| All of the following are classified as accessory organs of the digestive system except the: tongue. mouth. liver. pancreas. | Mouth |
| The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the: fauces. frenulum. uvula. gingiva. | Uvula |
| The hard palate consists of portions of: four bones: three maxillae and one palatine. two bones: one maxillae and one palatine. four bones: two maxillae and two palatines. two bones: two palatines. | four bones: two maxillae and two palatines. |
| The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called: cilia. rugae. villi. papillae. | papillae. |
| An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from superficial to deep: | serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa. |
| The most essential part of bile is: bile salts. bile pigments. cholesterol. bilirubin. | Bile salts |
| The longest portion of the small intestine is the: duodenum. ileum. jejunum. colon. | ileum. |
| The extrinsic tongue muscles differ from the intrinsic tongue muscles in that the _____ outside the tongue. intrinsic muscles have their origin inside the tongue but their insertion extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their origin | extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their origin |
| The type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is _____ epithelium. simple columnar stratified squamous simple squamous pseudostratified | simple columnar |
| The part of the colon that lies in the vertical position, on the left side of the abdomen, extending from a point below the stomach and spleen to the level of the iliac crest is the _____ colon. ascending transverse descending sigmoid | descending |
| Bile is secreted by: parietal cells. crypts of Lieberkühn. Kupffer cells. Hepatic cells | Hepatic cells |
| Microvilli can be found in the: stomach. small intestine. large intestine. Both B and C are correct. | Both B and C are correct. |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption? Esophagus Large intestine Small intestine Stomach | Small intestine |
| Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotids, submandibulars, and sublinguals) secrete each day? 200 ml 500 ml 750 ml 1 liter | 1 liter |
| The fan-shaped projection of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the: visceral peritoneum. greater omentum. lesser omentum. mesentery. | mesentery. |
| The capillary network that is fitted neatly into the glomerular capsule is the nephron. renal corpuscle. proximal convoluted tubule. glomerulus. | glomerulus. |
| The term that describes an inflammation of the bladder is hydronephrosis. urethritis. cystitis. nephritis. | nephritis. |
| Urine is formed by the nephron by means of which three processes? filtration, secretion, and excretion filtration, reabsorption, and excretion filtration, reabsorption, and secretion reabsorption, secretion, and excretion | filtration, reabsorption, and secretion |
| _____ has a central role in the regulation of urine volume. ADH Aldosterone TSH Plasma | ADH |
| The ureter of each kidney conducts urine inferiorly from the kidney to the urethra. bladder. prostate gland. calyx. | bladder. |
| The _____ is a structure important in maintaining blood flow because it secretes rennin when blood pressure to the afferent arteriole drops. nephron loop collecting tube macula densa juxtaglomerular apparatus | juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| Urine is formed by the nephron by means of which three processes? filtration, secretion, and excretion filtration, reabsorption, and excretion filtration, reabsorption, and secretion reabsorption, secretion, and excretion | filtration, reabsorption, and secretion |
| Urine is approximately 95% nitrogenous wastes. electrolytes. water. hormones. | Water |
| Crystallized mineral chunks that develop in the renal pelvis or calyces are called gallstones. kidney stones. hydronephrosis. sodium stones. | Kidney stones |
| The mechanism for voiding urine begins with the voluntary relaxation of the internal sphincter muscle of the bladder. urethra. external sphincter muscle of the bladder. detrusor muscle. | external sphincter muscle of the bladder. |
| The principal organ of the urinary system is the liver. bladder. kidney. urethra. | kidney. |
| The nephron loop reabsorbs water. sodium. chloride. all of the above | all of the above |
| The branch of the abdominal aorta that brings blood into each kidney is the renal vein. renal artery. arcuate artery. interlobular artery. | renal artery. |
| Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole. glomerulus cortical radiate arteries arcuate arteries peritubular capillaries afferent arterioles | glomerulus |
| Urine is approximately 95% nitrogenous wastes. electrolytes. water. hormones. | Water |
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Miabattilega