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WGU FTC4 Influential
Influential Figures in Education
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Henry Dunster | Became the President of Harvard college in 1640. Harvard was the first higher education institute in the colonies. The president teaches all the courses himself. |
| John Locke | Prominent English philosopher. Writes several foundational essays that mold American thoughts and practices in education: knowledge derived through experience, work ethic, and morality. |
| Christopher Dock | German Mennonite immigrant who publishes the first book about teaching in America in 1770 |
| Christian von Wolff | 1734 Institutes the doctrine that the mind cand best be developed through mental discipline - tedious drill and repetition. The view shaped education throughout the 19th century & beyond. |
| Benjamin Franklin | 1743 helps establish the first "English Academy" in Philadelphia. Curriculum is both classical and modern (eventually becomes University of Pennsylvania) |
| Thomas Jefferson | Proposed a two track educational system, with different tracks for "the laboring and the learned." |
| Noah Webster | Writes a spelling book, grammar book and reader from 1783 to 1785 due to dissatisfaction with current texts. His become widely used and have never been out of print. |
| James Pillans | Inventor of the blackboard (1801) |
| Catherine Beecher | founder of Hartford Female Seminary. founds more schools and becomes a prolific writer in her own right (sister to Harriet Beecher Stowe) |
| William Holmes McGuffey | 1836 Writes a series of readers "in Adam's fall we sinned all." The readers became some of the most influential textbooks of the 19th century. |
| Horace Mann | Secretary of MA State Board of Education. A visionary proponent for public (free) schools. Worked tirelessly for increased public funding, teacher training, and a national education system. |
| Mary Lyon | 1873 A pioneering teacher who established a women's college (Mount Holyoke) with curriculum similar to what was offered to male students and affordable tuitions. |
| Hervey Wilbur | Establishes the first school for the mentally disabled in 1848 |
| George Peabody | Humanitarian who hearing of the dissarray and desperate situation of schools in the south established the two million dollar Peabody Education Fund to aid educational efforts in the south in 1867. |
| Christopher Sholes | Inventor of the modern typewriter (1867) |
| Edouard Segin | 1876 first president of the Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feebleminded Persons, which later evolves into the America Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities |
| Booker T. Washington | The first principal of a newly-opened school in Tuskegee, Alabama - later Tuskegee University. He was the foremost black educator of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. |
| Homer Plessy | challenged the Separate Car Act in Louisiana, The supreme court ruling in Plessy vs Ferguson sets the stage for "separate but equall" policies in southern education. |
| Mary McLeod Bethune | An African American educator founds Dayttona Educational and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls in Daytona Beach 1904. |
| Alfred Binet (France) | helps develop a measurement instrument to identify students with mental retardation with Theodore Simon in 1905. The Binet-Simon scale continues to be used today as an intelligence test. |
| Maria Montessori | Psycologist and philosopher who desired to study children and see how they learned. Her findings greatly impacted education. She had strong American supporters in the figures of Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, and Helen Keler. 1911 |
| Edward Lee Thorndike | 1913 "Educational Psychology: The Psychology of Learning". He supports human learning as a process of habit formation and connections between stimuli and responses (Connectionisim) this becomes a force of thought in education in the 20th century. |
| Louis M Terman | 1916 leads a team at Stanford University in revising the Binet-Simon scale. Coins the term IQ (Intelligence Quotient) and makes the Stanford-Binet Scale a part of education. |
| John Dewey | 1916 "Democracy and Education. An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education" helps advance the progressive education movement seeking to make schools effective agents of democracy. |
| Evelyn Dewey | co-authors "Schools of To-morrow" with her father and then goes on to write several works on her own. |
| Robert Yerkes | President of the American Psycological Association & Army officer along with Lois Terman create Army Alpha & Beta tests to screen recruits going into WWI. These later become the foundation for Standardized Tests |
| John Scopes | 1925 High School Biology teacher convicted of teaching evolution in the Scopes Monkey trials |
| Jean Piaget | "The Child's Conception of the World" published in 1929 places Piaget's theories of cognitive development into a sphere of influential thinkers in educational theory |
| Frank W. Cyr | 1939 organizes a national convention on student transportation - results in the adoption of standards for the nations school buses, including the color yellow. |
| FDR | signs the GI Bill sending hundreds of thousands of veterans to college and breaking the notion that college is only for the wealthy. |
| Kathleen Casey Wilkens | Born 1 minute after midnight in 1946 becomes the first of the baby boomers, becoming the first of a generation that results in unprecedented school population growth and massive social change. |
| Gonzalo Mendez | 1946 Mendez v Westminster declared separation of Mexican children in schooling unconstitutional laying the groundwork for Brown v Board of Education |
| B.F. Skinner | "Science and Human Behavior" introduces behaviorism and conditioning which widely influences American education. |
| Linda Brown | daughter of Oliver Brown who becamed named in Brown vs Board of Education the landmark Supreme Court decidion overuling Plessy vs Fergusun, a major landmark in the Civil Rights Movement (1954) |
| Ruby Bridges | First African American to attend William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans. She becomes a class of one as parents remove all Caucasian students from the school. 1960 |
| Lev Vygotsky | 1962 "Thought and Language" provides the foundation for the principles of social constructivist theory. Vygotsky lives only to 38 years of age. Best know for his "Zone of Proximal Development" |
| Samuel A Kirk | 1963 coins the term "learning disability" at a Chicago conference. |
| James S. Coleman | 1966 Author of the Coleman Report (The Equality of Educational Opportunity Study) concludes That African American children benefit from attending integrated schools and sets the stage for 'busing' to achieve desegregation |
| Jerome Bruner | 1966 "Toward a Theory of Instructions" popularize cognitive learning theory as an alternative to behaviorism |
| Susan Epperson | 1968 - 10th grade biology teacher caught inbetween district recommendations and the Scopes law. Epperson v Arkansas overturned the Scopes law. |
| Herbert R. Kohl | 1969 "The Open Classroom" promotes student centered classrooms and active holistic learning |
| Ivan Illich | 1970 "Deschooling Society" sharply criticizes traditional schools and calls for the end of compulsory attendance. |
| John Holt | "Teach Your Own: A Hopeful Path for Educators" 1981 adds momentum to the homeschooling movement. |
| Madelyn C Hunter | 1982 "Mastery Teaching" influences thinking. Proposes a direct instruction teaching model |
| Christa McAuliffe | 1986 chosen from 11,000 applicants to become the first "Teacher in Space" Dies in the Challenger explosion 73 seconds after launch |
| George W. Bush | NCLB |
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MicahS