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CS
Chapter 1 - The Communication Tradition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rhetoric | another name for communication |
| rehetoricians | teacher of rhetoric, or communication |
| aristotle | founded the school Lyceum. |
| plato | had a school called Plato's Academy |
| peripatetic school | aristotle's school |
| ethos | personal character |
| pathos | ability to arouse emotions |
| logos | wording and logic of a message |
| Corax | a Sicilian Greek. |
| Tisias | a Sicilian Greek. |
| Classical period | lasted for about 900 years. Aristotle and Plato wrote during this period and as a result of their work, by the end of this period a full-fledged communcation model had developed. This model was called the canons of rhetoric. |
| Sophists | itinerant teachers. Were professional speech teachers who advertised their services by posting notices in public places. teach "tricks" of persuasive speaking for courts/laws/assemblies |
| Cicero | Roman politician |
| canons of rhetoric | Divide communication into 5 parts: invention, style, arrangement, memory, and delivery. |
| invention | Process of deciding on the subject matter of one's speech an of discoverying info and arguments that would lead to sound conclusions. |
| style | Process of selecting the proper words to convey a message. |
| plain style | Builds ethos by convincing the audience of the speaker's good character, good sense, and trustworthiness. It is logical, clear, and restrained. |
| middle style | Epmhasizes logos by impressing ht eaudience with the soundness of the speaker's position; consists of intricate arguments and careful philosophical distinctions. |
| vigorous style | Based on pathos; "pulled out all the stops"; eloquent and emotional. |
| arrangement | described ways to order ideas effectively. |
| memory | the ability to hold content, style, and arrangement in one's mind. Mnemonics developed and suggested people the speaker to visualize a villa with the main ideas of the speech situated in each room. |
| delivery | the way the speaker delivers the speech using a pleasing voice and graceful gestures |
| Quintilian | the last of the great classical theorists. Defined rhetoric as the study of "the good man speaking well" |
| medieval and renaissance period | little insight was added to classical thought. Characterized by the rise to power of Christian clergy and the decline of "pagan" theories of rhetoric. |
| Augustine | a major christian theorist, viewed communication as a symbolic process. |
| Natural signs | "something that causes something else to come into the mind as a consequence of itself" EX: smoke, causes one to think of fire. |
| conventional signs | arbitrarily created by humans. Ex: the spoken or written word. |
| modern period | Rise of the scientific method. Created 4 directions of rhetorical study: classical, psychological/epistemological, belletristic, and elocutionary. |
| empiric | based on observation |
| classical approach | recover the insights of the great classical rhetoricians, adapting them to modern times |
| psychological/epistemological approach | investigated the relationship of communication and thought, trying to understand in a "scientific" way how ppl could influence one another through speech |
| belletristic approach | focused on writing and speaking as art forms, developing critical standards for judging drama, poetry and oratory, |
| elocutionary approach | designed elaborate systems of instruction to improve speakers' verbal and nonverbal presentation |
| Francis Bacon | Consideration of human nature and human thought. Identified four idols that get in the way of clear thinking: Tribe, Cave, MarketPlace, Theatre |
| Rene Descartes & John Locke | argued truth could be obtained only through discourse that was solidly grounded in an understanding of human rationality |
| George Campbell | Concerned with relationship btw speaker and audience. |
| scientific method | a belief in controlled laboratory experimentation and careful, objective measurement. |
| source credibility | the extent to which a communicator is considered believable and competent |
Created by:
aborrill
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