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TermDefinition
During quiet breathing, inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.
If the volume of the lungs increases, what happens to the air pressure inside the lungs? It decreases.
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.
Lung tissue (not the alveolar capillaries) receives oxygen and nutrients from the bronchial arteries.
Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? decreased pH
Respiratory function deteriorates as a result of pneumonia because inflammation causes fluids to leak into the alveoli.
The inspiratory capacity is a total of what two pulmonary volumes? (Figure 23-16) tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume
Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system? pharynx
The nasal mucosa performs all of the following functions EXCEPT __________. resist abrasion
The serous membrane that covers the lungs is the visceral pleura.
The chloride shift occurs in order to transport bicarbonate ions into the blood plasma.
A pneumothorax typically causes atelectasis
Which of these is not part of the upper respiratory system? larynx
In which of the conditions would oxygen release from hemoglobin be increased? During the run of a triathlon on a hot, humid day.
Lungs are held tightly to the wall of the thorax due to surface tension of the pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity.
The ________ fissure separates the lobes of the left lung. oblique
Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is bound to hemoglobin.
A 10 percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will double the respiratory rate.
Children have slender, short vocal cords so their voices tend to be higher pitched.
Which of these factors does not affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen? electrolyte balance
Low partial pressure of oxygen in tissues is a condition called hypoxia.
The pneumotaxic center of the pons modifies the rate and depth of breathing.
The apneustic centers of the pons provide stimulation to the inspiratory center.
All of the following are changes we can expect to see in respiratory performances as we age EXCEPT a(an) __________. increase in lung compliance
The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the lower respiratory tract.
The physical movement of air into and out of lungs is termed pulmonary ventilation.
The nasal conchae create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.
The basic pattern of breathing is established by the __________ located in the __________. dorsal respiratory group; medulla oblongata
The term ________ describes the result from an injury that permits air to leak into the intrapleural space. pneumothorax
The nasopharynx transitions into the oropharynx at the level of the soft palate.
________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle. Tidal volume
Which is not a reason gas exchange is efficient at the blood air barrier? Gap junctions facilitate fast movement.
Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of its container.
Blood gas analyses provide diagnostic information regarding the efficiency of gas exchange at the lungs and in peripheral tissues. Which of the following values are NOT within normal limits? PO2 in systemic capillaries leaving tissue cells: 100 mm Hg
Tuberculosis results from an infection by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The vocal folds are located within the larynx.
The largest cartilage of the larynx is the ________ cartilage. thyroid
If the hemoglobin molecules in a blood sample each had a single oxygen molecule bound to them, on average, the saturation would be __________. 25 percent
External respiration includes all of these processes EXCEPT __________. release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells
The posterior tracheal wall contacts the __________. esophagus
The entire array of protective mechanisms in the respiratory system is called the respiratory defense system.
When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, the volume of the thorax increases.
The ________ of the lungs is an indication of their expandability, how easily the lungs expand and contract. compliance
If a patient inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's vital capacity.
Which of the following statements about the trachea is false? It is completely wrapped in smooth muscle.
The glottis is the opening to the larynx.
Which of the following is mismatched? parietal pleura; divides lung into pulmonary lobules
The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the epiglottis.
For maximum loading of hemoglobin with oxygen at the lungs, the PO2 should be as high as possible.
Surfactant is produced by what cell type in the alveolus? pneumocytes Type II
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately 45 mm Hg.
________ is the amount of air that you can inhale above the resting tidal volume. Inspiratory reserve volume
The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately 100 mm Hg.
The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the oropharynx.
The most important chemical regulator of respiration is carbon dioxide.
The interlobular septa divide the lungs into pulmonary lobules.
What type of epithelium lines the conducting portion of the respiratory tract? (Figure 23-2) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
The term hypercapnia refers to elevated PCO2.
JJ is suffering from laryngitis. He will most likely experience which of the following symptoms? hoarseness
Total alveolar surface area is reduced in emphysema.
__________ percentage of carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin forming __________. 23%, carbaminohemoglobin
The right lung is to ________ as the left lung is to ________. three lobes; two lobes
The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the hard palate.
Which of these is NOT a function of the respiratory system? transport RBCs (red blood cells) to the tissues
Carbon dioxide and water combine to form carbonic acid.
Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air.
Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as bicarbonate ions.
A condition that increases lung compliance is emphysema
Quiet breathing is to ________ as shallow breathing is to ________. eupnea; costal breathing
The following is a list of some airways. What is the order in which air passes through them? 1. lobar bronchus 2. bronchioles 3. alveolar ducts 4. primary bronchus 5. respiratory bronchiole 6. alveoli 7. terminal bronchiole 4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6
Carbon monoxide poisoning is possible because carbon monoxide binds readily with heme at very low partial pressures compared to those of oxygen. Besides partial pressure, what else determines the affinity of oxygen molecules for heme? All of the listed responses are correct.
During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle. right main
Which respiratory organ has a cardiac notch? left lung
Which of the following is not a true statement? The DRG functions in forced breathing only.
________ involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements and calls on accessory muscles to assist with inhalation, while exhalation involves contraction of the internal intercostal muscles and sometimes abdominal muscles, too. Forced breathing
The leading cause of death for children under 1 year of age is sudden infant death syndrome.
Name the primary muscles of inspiration. (Figure 23-14) diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
Which of these changes will DECREASE the effectiveness of gas exchange across the blood air barrier? increased thickness of the respiratory membrane
What would be the immediate effect of damage to the Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)? apnea (no breathing)
Blockage of pulmonary blood flow by a traveling clot or similar obstruction is pulmonary embolism.
Factors affecting the release of oxygen from hemoglobin can be visualized by using a oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve.
The ________ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems. pharynx
The C shape of the tracheal cartilages is important because large masses of food can move through the esophagus.
Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from thick secretions that are difficult to transport.
Which pressure remains negative throughout the respiratory cycle? intrapleural
The resulting pain and inflammation when pleural fluid is unable to prevent friction between the opposing pleural surfaces is known as pleurisy.
Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following except housing tonsils.
Which of the following is false about the pharynx? It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems.
Which of the following age-based changes is false? Vital capacity increases.
Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces phonation.
The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms a(n) mucociliary elevator.
The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the blood air barrier of the alveoli.
The openings to the nasal cavity are the external nares.
An important component of the lamina propria in the upper respiratory system is mucus glands.
The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is respiratory distress syndrome.
The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage. cricoid
Created by: brina192
 

 



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