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1. Blood vessels called ____ carry blood toward the heart, and ____ carry blood away from the heart. Pg 570
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2. Why is the cardiovascular system vital to survival? Pg 597
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Chapter 15

A&P 2

QuestionAnswer
1. Blood vessels called ____ carry blood toward the heart, and ____ carry blood away from the heart. Pg 570 Veins; arteries
2. Why is the cardiovascular system vital to survival? Pg 597 It supplies oxygen and nutrients to cells.
3. What is a function of the pulmonary circuit? Pg 570 It carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
4. What is a function of the systemic circuit? Pg 570 supplies oxygenated blood to all tissues of the body and returns it to the heart
5. During ventricular contraction, what is the status of the atrioventricular valves? Pg 577 The mitral and tricuspid valves both are closed
6. Name the tough outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart. Pg 572 pericardium
7. What forms the skeleton of the heart? Pg 575 Fibrous connective tissue around the valves
8. What layer lines the chambers of the heart? Pg 573 endocardium
9. Name the layers of the wall of the heart and surrounding structures from deep to superficial. Pg 574 Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium
10. Blood entering the right atrium comes from what structure(s)? Pg 578 superior and inferior vena cava
11. What is the function of atrial natriuretic peptide? Pg 601 Reduce blood volume and pressure
12. The pain of angina pectoris results from a blockage in an artery that supplies what structure/area? Pg 579 heart
13. What chambers of the heart will contain oxygen-poor blood? Pg 574 right atrium and right ventricle
14. Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle? Pg 576 bicuspid (mitral) valve
???? 15. Which ECG wave is correctly described? Pg 586 P wave-depolarization of atria
16. What is the correct sequence of components of the cardiac conduction system? Pg 573 SA node ➡️ AV node ➡️ bundle of his ➡️ bundle branches ➡️ purkinje fibers
17. What is the normal pacemaker of the heart? Pg 976 sinoatrial (SA) node
18. What causes the P wave on an ECG? Pg 586 atrial depolarization
19. What causes the T wave on an ECG? Pg 587 ventricular repolarization
20. What term refers to an abnormally slow heart rate? Pg 592 bradycardia
21. The ventricular walls and the atrial walls each form a functional syncytium. What does this term mean? Pg 582 A mass of cells functioning as a unit
22. How does potassium affect heart rate? Pg 590 It affects the electrical potential of the cell membranes.
23. What is released by the endothelium? Pg 592 nitric oxide
24. What is the effect of nitric oxide in blood vessels? Pg 592 causes vasodilation
25. In capillary beds, the net inward pressure at the venular ends of the capillaries is less than the net outward pressure at the arteriolar ends of the capillaries. What is the result of this difference in pressures? Pg 598 more fluid leaves the capillaries than returns
26. What blood vessels hold the greatest volume of blood? Pg 602 Veins
27. Why does fluid leave capillaries at their arteriolar end and enter at the venular end? Pg 598 Hydrostatic pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end and lower at the venular end.
28. What is described by the Frank-Starling law of the heart? Pg 604 the quantity of blood that enters the heart equals the quantity that is pumped out
29. Which of the following is increased when sympathetic stimulation to the heart increases? Pg 604 increased stroke volume and heart rate
30. What is preload? Pg 603 volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
31. What is the effect of vasoconstriction? Pg 595 it decreases blood flow and increases blood pressure
32. Plasma proteins contribute to the __________________ pressure of the blood. Pg 598 osmotic
33. When is blood pressure in the large systemic arteries the greatest? Pg 589 during ventricular systole
34. What vessels helps return blood to the heart? Pg 570 Veins (both superficial and deep veins)
35. How is stroke volume calculated? Pg 603 end diastolic volume - end systolic volume
36. How is pulse pressure calculated? Pg 603 difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
37. How does angiotensin II cause an increase in blood pressure? Pg 605 By increasing vasoconstriction and peripheral resistance
38. What structures contain chemoreceptors that monitor blood levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide? Pg 608 aortic bodies
39. The longest vein in the body is the __________? Pg 621 great saphenous vein
40. What is an example of a change due to aging of the cardiovascular system? Pg 624 The tunica interna of arteries thickens, decreasing arterial diamenter
41. What is the function of the papillary muscles of the heart? Pg 577 To prevent atrioventricular valves from prolapsing
42. During the cardiac cycle, at the time of highest ventricular pressure, what is the status of the heart valves? Pg 588 Atrioventricular valves are closed; semilunar valves are open
43. What causes the first heart sound? When does this occur? Pg 587 Closure of the atrioventricular valves soon after the beginning of ventricular systole
44. What occurs in arteries that results in the disease called atherosclerosis? Pg 602 Plaques containing cholesterol and other fats accumulate in the vessel walls
45. What type of capillary is "leakiest"? Pg 596 sinusoidal capillaries
46. The ___________________ of the medulla oblongata send(s) sympathetic signals to arteriolar smooth muscle, helping to maintain peripheral resistance. Pg 605 vasomotor center
47. Where would oxygen-poor blood be found? Pg 608 pulmonary arteries and systemic veins
48. What happens that allows the SA nodal cells to spontaneously depolarize? Pg 583 Progressive increase in membrane permeability to calcium and sodium ions; decreasing permeability to potassium ions
49. How does the hepatic portal system differ from other parts of the circulation? Pg 620 Blood flows from capillaries to another set of capillaries before returning to the heart
Created by: Mmm2024
 

 



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