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1. Typically, what percentage of a sample of human blood is made up of red blood cells?
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2. What are the formed elements?
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Key Concepts Ch 14
A&P 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Typically, what percentage of a sample of human blood is made up of red blood cells? | 95.1% pg 539 - 35 to 46% in females, 40 to 54% in males – PP Slide 4 |
| 2. What are the formed elements? | Red blood cells, white blood cells, and cell fragments called platelets – pg 539 |
| 3. In addition to other factors,__________ has an influence on determining blood volume. | Adipose tissue pg 540 |
| 4. What type of formed element is most abundant? | Red blood cell – pg 539 fig 14.1 |
| 5. What type of blood cell is biconcave and lacks a nucleus when they are mature? | Red blood cells (RBC) – PP slide 8 |
| 6. Which cell type is an agranulocyte? | White blood cells / Lymphocytes, Monocytes – PP slide 15 -pg 549 |
| 7. Which statement describes platelets? | They are small cellular fragments that helps form clots to stop bleeding – pg 551 |
| 8. What is the primary function of lymphocytes? | Provide immunity – pg 553 table 14.5 |
| 9. In the absence of__________, vitamin B12 is poorly absorbed. This deficiency can affect red blood cell production. | Intrinsic factor (protein that helps intestine absorb B12) – pg 545 |
| 10. Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from the breakdown of__________. | Heme - pg 547 |
| 11. What is the order of the breakdown products of hemoglobin? | Hemoglobin is broken down into globin and heme. Globin is degraded into amino acid that may be reused. Heme is broken down into iron and stored or recycled into hemoglobin and myoglobin. The pigment is converted to biliverdin, and biliverdin is converted into bilirubin which become bile and carried to the blood by the kidneys to be eliminated by urine. – pg 547 figure 14.8 |
| 12. Iron is a component of what substance? | Heme which is hemoglobin broken down – pg 546 |
| 13. Which of the formed elements releases serotonin? | Platelets -pg 556 |
| 14. Which of the following functions as a phagocyte? | Neutrophils – pg 549 |
| 15. How does heparin prevent the clotting of blood? | Inflammatory response – involves swelling and increased capillary permeability – PP slide 16 |
| 16. Cyanosis occurs when the blood concentration of__________ is abnormally high. | Deoxyhemoglobin – pg 541 |
| 17. What is the underlying cause of sickle cell disease? | Single DNA base mutation ( codes for hemoglobin) – PP slide 13 |
| 18. What form of anemia is caused by destruction of bone marrow? | Aplastic anemia – pg 546 |
| 19. What type of white blood cell is important in immunity? | Lymphocytes – pg 548 |
| 20. What is diapedesis? | WBC’s that can squeeze between the cells of a capillary wall and leave blood vessel, then migrate toward infection site. – PP slide 16 |
| 21. Following an injury, what stimulates the blood vessels in the area to spasm? | Platelets – pg 555 |
| 22. The hormone__________ controls red blood cell production via a__________ feedback mechanism. | Erythropoietin, negative – pg 544 |
| 23. Which statement refers to blood platelets? | They are small cellular fragments that helps form clots to stop bleeding – pg 551 |
| 24. Creatinine is an example of what type of plasma component? | Nonprotein Nitrogenous Substance – pg 554 |
| 25. Plasma electrolytes include__________. | Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate ions – pg 554 |
| 26. What is the difference between serum and plasma? | Serum is plasma minus all of its fibrinogen and most other clotting factors – pg 557 |
| 27. A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel is called a(n)__________. | Thrombus - 558 |
| 28. Prothrombin time is a blood test used to evaluate the__________. | Extrinsic clotting mechanism – pg 557 |
| 29. Thrombocytopenia is due to a deficiency of__________. | Platelets – pg 552 |
| 30. What is released by platelets as a platelet plug forms? | Von Willebrand factor, serotonin, thromboxane A2- pg 555 |
| 31. What is the enzyme that catalyzes the activation of fibrin? | Thrombin – pg 558 table 14.8 |
| 32. What type of antigens are found on the surface of red blood cells of a person with type AB blood? | A and B – pg 562 table 14.13 |
| 33. What determines an individual's blood type? | Protein and the genes that encodes them– pg 561 |
| 34. In what situation might erythroblastosis fetalis occur? | A woman that is Rh-negative gets pregnant with a Rh-positive fetus – pg 563 |
| 35. Which is true about an individual who is Rh-negative? | Red blood cells do not have Rh antigens – pg 563 |
| 36. What are "universal precautions"? | Specific measures from the CDC that health care worker should take to prevent transmission of bloodborne infection in the workplace: pg 542 14.1 CA - Use of protective equipment gowns, gloves, goggles and face masks - Engineering controls fume hoods and sharp containers - Work practice controls handwashing before and after procedures |
| 37. Which of the following describes leukemia? | A type of cancer in your blood and bone marrow is caused by rapid production of abnormal white blood cells. – pg 552 |
| 38. What is the main function of plasma albumin? | Help maintain colloid osmotic pressure – pg 554 table 14.6 |
| 39. What is the least abundant leukocyte in a blood sample? | Basophils – pg 549 |
| 40. What element is part of a hemoglobin molecule? | Iron – pg 546 |
| 41. Name two substances that function to dissolve blood clots. | Heparin and histamine – pg 549 |
| 42. Cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of__________. | Deoxygenated hemoglobin – pg 541 |
| 43. Hypoxemia will stimulate the release of__________. | EPO/erythropoietin – pg 544 |
| 44. Platelets are cell fragments that are released by what type of cell? | Megakaryocytes – pg 551 |
| 45. If blood is too viscous, what happens to blood flow? | It becomes sluggish – pg 539 |
| 46. What is the normal pH of blood? | 7.35-7.45 – pg 540 |
| 47. What is a normal hematocrit? | 40% to 54% in males and 35% to 46% in female – pg 540 |
| 48. Typically, values such as hematocrit, RBC count, and hemoglobin concentration are higher in__________. | males than females – pg 540 |
Created by:
RobisonS