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Quiz Review
EPPP Qs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| For _____ of individuals with Parkinson's disease who are depressed, the depression preceded the onset of motor and other physical symptoms. | about 20% |
| Which of the study confirmed the conclusion drawn by Sherif on the basis of the results of his "Robber's Cave" study? | Aronson's research on the jigsaw classroom |
| Recovery of cognitive ability following head trauma follows a predictable pattern in most patients. For example, with regard to disorientation, recovery usually occurs in which sequence? | orientation to personal information, then to place, and finally to time |
| The inability to repeat what one has just heard and to name familiar objects without a loss of comprehension is characteristic of... | conduction aphasia |
| When a woman experiences chronic stress and anxiety during her pregnancy, there is a greater risk for... | premature birth of the infant. a greater number of delivery complications. an infant with more feeding and sleep problems than normal. |
| To assess the effectiveness of differential reinforcement for alleviating a child's bad habits (i.e., nail biting, thumb-sucking, hair-pulling, and pencil-chewing), the best research design would be... | The multiple baseline design is a single-subject design that can be used to assess a treatment for different behaviors, settings, or participants. |
| If you want to determine the degree of association between variable X and variable Y when the effects of a third variable (Z) have been statistically removed from both X and Y, you would use | Partial correlation, a type of first-order correlation, is used to determine the degree of association between two variables when the effects of a third variable have been removed from both X and Y. |
| A manager or consultant interested in maximizing her influence on employees should be aware that the productivity of employees is most likely to be positively affected if she relies on which bases of social power? | incremental power (which is a combination of expert and referent power) is optimal for managers and consultants because it has the greatest positive effects on employee performance. |
| Bandura's social learning theory implies that, in organizational settings, a training program will be most effective when | trainees possess prerequisite skills before training begins. |
| A person with associative visual agnosia: | cannot name a familiar object she sees but may know what it is used for and can copy or match a drawing of the object. |
| In the Strange Situation, a child with ________ attachment stays close to his/her mother before they are separated but, when she returns following a separation, is angry and resistant and may push his/her mother away and is not easily comforted. | insecure/ambivalent pattern characterized by ambivalence -- e.g., a child with this pattern will both seek closeness to his/her parent and push the parent away. Note that this pattern is also referred to as insecure/resistant attachment. |
| Many antipsychotic drugs are believed to exert their therapeutic effects primarily by blocking dopamine receptors (especially D2 receptors) in the brain. An exception is | Clozapine seems to have limited effects on D2 receptors and, instead, affects D4 and other dopamine receptors as well as serotonin and glutamate receptors. |
| In vivo exposure with response prevention has been found to be an effective treatment for Agoraphobia, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and several other anxiety disorders. Studies investigating the effects of this treatment for this suggest that: | high anxiety provocation is not the key factor in its effectiveness. |
| psychologist's ethical obligation with regard to obtaining an informed consent from a research participant? | An informed consent may be unnecessary when the study is unlikely to cause the participant harm or distress. |
| he finds that lowering the cutoff score on a screening test | increases the number of true and false positives. |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder share what symptom? | repetitive rituals |
| At age 8, a girl receives a WISC FSIQ score of 144. When she is retested at age 12, she obtains a score of 138. Which of the following best accounts for this decline in her IQ score? | statistical regression |
| With regard to the DSM, the term "polythetic" refers to: | the fact that a diagnosis can be assigned to an individual when he/she exhibits only a subset of the characteristic symptoms for that diagnosis. |
| As defined by Gestalt therapists, ________ is a boundary disturbance that involves passively accepting and incorporating elements of the enviroment without question. | introjection |
| A primary assumption underlying the use of survey feedback as a method of organizational development is that: | in order for change to occur, employees must understand the organizations current strengths and weaknesses. |
| An assumption underlying item response theory is that the standard error of measurement: | is larger for examinees with very high or very low ability. |
| Loss of licensure was the most frequent reason for cases opened by the APA's Ethics Committee from 2000 to 2008. The second-most frequent reason was | sexual misconduct with an adult. |
| Cluster analysis would be most useful for: | developing a classification scheme for individuals with various combinations of depressive symptoms. |
| A person who is low in self-monitoring (Snyder, 1987) will rely on what when deciding how to act in a particular social situation? | his/her own feelings, attitudes, and beliefs. |
| Dr. Smith is renting office space from Dr. Jones and providing him with secretarial services. Dr. Jones charges Dr. Smith on a "per patient" basis. Dr. Jones will be receiving occasional referrals from Dr. Smith. This arrangement is | ethical as long as the per patient fee is based on Dr. Jones's actual costs. |
| Sleeping immediately after studying on the night before your 8:00 a.m. exam would help minimize the effects of which of the following on your ability to recall information during the exam? | retroactive interference |
| The correction for attenuation formula is useful for estimating the magnitude of a criterion measure's validity coefficient if: | measurement error is removed from the predictor and criterion. |
| According to Carol Gilligan, adolescent females tend to score at lower stages than adolescent males on Kohlbergian tasks because: | Kohlberg's theory focuses on individual rights, while the moral reasoning of girls reflects concerns about responsibility toward others. |
| R. tells Dr. Terry Fide that his partner is talking about harming Dr. Fide because he's not happy with the advice that R is getting in therapy. Dr. Fide knows that the partner has engaged in violent behavior in the past. In this situation, Dr. Fide: | may terminate therapy with Raymond. |
| former client says he's been seeing a psychiatrist and was prescribed medication for depression. he doesn't think the medication is helping and he doesn't really like the psychiatrist. he wants to stop taking the medication and start therapy again. | advise the man that it would be best if he discusses the matter with the psychiatrist before making an appointment with Dr. Roberts. |
| Motivational interviewing and __________ share the assumption that interventions are most effective when they match the client's readiness to change. | the transtheoretical model |
| what technique would be useful for predicting status on a single dichotomous criterion using two or more predictors when the assumptions for a discriminant analysis are not met? | Logistic regression is considered more flexible than discriminant analysis since it can be used when the data violate some of the assumptions of discriminant analysis (e.g., the assumptions of linearity, normality, and/or homogeneity of variances). |
| most useful for evaluating a treatment's effectiveness under controlled conditions. | efficacy research |
| You are most likely to report "feeling crowded" in a high density situation if you are watching a | documentary film |
| Research on the impact of mental practice on athletic performance has found that it is: | more beneficial for experienced (skilled) individuals than for novices and when it makes use of internal imagery. |
| The representative of a client's insurance company asks you to fax diagnosis and treatment information about the client to her and the client has already signed a release of information. As an ethical psychologist, you should: | make sure that all information that might identify the client is coded or removed. |
| With regard to terminating the life of an animal used in research, the ethics codes of the American and Canadian Psychological Associations: | permit this practice when it is done in a humane manner. |
| Test-score banding is used to: | reduce adverse impact. |
| A waiter is waiting on a group of professors from the local university. Being familiar with social loafing theory and desiring the largest tip possible, the waiter hopes that: | each professor will leave his/her own tip. |
| A non-custodial parent asks Dr. Maxine Miller, a school psychologist, for the results of the tests she recently administered to his 5th grade son. If Dr. Miller complies with the father's request, she will have acted | legally and ethically. |
| As described by Piaget, using objects in novel ways and deliberately varying an action to provoke new results is characteristic of which sensorimotor substage? | tertiary circular reactions Tertiary circular reactions involve exploring the properties of objects by acting on them in new ways -- e.g., twisting and turning a shaped object so that it fits through a hole. |
| __________ is a type of cost analysis that entails comparing the costs and benefits of several treatment approaches using "quality-adjusted life years" as the measure of treatment benefits. | Cost-utility analysis |
| The technique known as "protocol analysis" was derived from: | cognitive science. |
| Tokens in a token economy act as | generalized conditioned reinforcers |
| Children with Tourette's Disorder often have symptoms of ADHD. In addition, they most often exhibit which of the following? | obsessions and compulsions |
| During the process of developing a training program, you evaluate its effects on trainee satisfaction and learning to determine what changes to the program are needed to achieve maximal effectiveness. This is an example of: | formative evaluation. |
| When the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (KABC-II) is administered to a child with a language or hearing impairment, his/her scores are interpreted in terms of which model of intelligence? | Luria's Luria's model is recommended for examinees whose performance on measures of crystallized intelligence is likely to be negatively affected by a language or hearing impairment. |
| According to Albert Ellis, our emotional and behavioral reactions to an event are due to our beliefs about the event rather than to the event itself. In other words, our beliefs act as a: | mediator variable. |
| Universal symbols in the delusions and hallucinations of psychotic patients would be of most interest to: | Jung When working with psychotic patients, Jung noticed a great deal of similarity in the content of their delusions and hallucinations, and this led to the development of his theory of archetypes and the collective unconscious. |
| In terms of drug use, a person is exhibiting "habituation" when he/she: | has a desire to continue using the drug with little or no desire to increase the amount of the drug. |
| To determine the degree of association between number of hours studied and score on the EPPP when data on both variables have been converted to ranks, you would use | The Spearman rho (also known as the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient) is used to determine the degree of association between two variables that are expressed as ranks. |
| The development of the behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) was based on | Flanagan's (1963) critical incidents |
| The course and extent of recovery from ____ depends on the cause of the disorder and may involve an acute onset with partial recovery, a stepwise decline, or a progressive course with fluctuations in symptom severity and plateaus that vary in duration? | Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder |
| Right unilateral (vs. bilateral) electrode placement in ECT can ____ the incidence and severity of retrograde amnesia. | reduce |
| Research investigating the relationship between ADHD and substance abuse has found that: | a diagnosis of ADHD in childhood is associated with an increased risk for substance abuse in adulthood. |
| When a research study will cause participants pain, deception: | is prohibited whether the pain is physical or psychological in nature. |
| When treating a patient with Delirium, a priority is to identify and then treat or remove its cause. In addition, it is important to: | keep the patient in a quiet room where he/she can be monitored by a family or staff member. |
| Research comparing the personality characteristics and psychiatric symptoms of women reporting repressed versus continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse has found that: | the two groups of women show significant differences with regard to both personality characteristics and psychiatric symptoms. |
| Lithium is often prescribed for mania, research indicating that 80% of patients have a favorable response. recently there has been an increase in prescribing _____, which seem to be as effective for controlling acute manic states and stabilizing mood. | anticonvulsant medications |
| In comparison to White middle-class families, African American middle-class families: | are less likely to exhibit differentiation in power along gender lines. |
| A diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder cannot be assigned without the presence of | evidence of extreme insufficient care |
| Intercept bias is occurring when scores on a predictor: | consistently underpredict or overpredict the criterion performance of a particular group of examinees. |
| Investigators have found that, after engaging in strenuous physical activity, participants tend to get angrier when provoked and tend to be more romantically or sexually attracted when they meet a potential partner. These findings provide support for | misattribution hypothesis Schachter's two-factor theory is also referred to as the misattribution hypothesis. it predicts that arousal produced by one source can be misattributed to another source. |
| A test developer would use Lord's chi-square in order to: | evaluate the differential item functioning of an item included in a test. |
| In factor analysis, "rotating" the factors has which of the following effects? | It changes the factor loadings for the variables and the eigenvalue for each factor. |
| Your research study includes one independent variable that has four levels and a single dependent variable that is measured on a ratio scale. You decided to analyze your data using a single one-way ANOVA instead of separate t-tests because you want to: | control the experimentwise error rate. |
| A "speed" test can be viewed as the opposite of a _______ test. | Power Power tests contain items that are relatively difficult and that could not all be answered correctly by most or all examinees regardless of how much time they are given to complete the test. |
| Dr. Greg Gallant meets 28-year-old Sally S. at a holiday party and is sexually attracted to her. The feelings seem mutual. However, during their conversation, he learns that Sally's sister is one of his therapy clients. In this situation: | it would be acceptable for Dr. Gallant to date Sally only if her sister is a former therapy client. |
| "Multicollinearity" could be expected to: | cause the values of the regression coefficients to vary substantially from sample to sample. |
| As described by Piaget, which of the following is a primary concern for individuals in the autonomous stage of moral development? | socially agreed-upon principles |
| In conflict resolution, the primary role of a mediator is to: | help disputants consider alternative solutions to the problem. |
| If your data analysis involves calculating an "effect size," you are conducting | a meta-analysis |
| Research suggests that, with regard to metamemory, older adults are: | more likely than younger adults to overestimate their actual memory deficits. |
| To eliminate the least qualified job applicants early in the selection process | the multiple hurdle technique involves administering selection measures one at a time, with each successive measure (hurdle) being administered only when the applicant has been successful on the previous one. |
| Parham and Helms (1990) developed an attitude measure of racial identity that assesses Cross's four stages of African American identity development. Parham and Helms' four stages are: | pre-encounter, encounter, immersion-emersion, and internalization. |
| Damage to the postcentral gyrus is most likely to impair | sense of touch |
| 67-year-old accountant exhibits impairments in memory and other cognitive functions along with a depressed mood. The presence of___ suggests that his symptoms are due to "pseudodementia" (depression) rather than mild Neurocognitive Disorder? | exaggerating his cognitive problems |
| In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for which of the following functions? | controlling complex and precise movements |
| Zimbardo's (1972) prison study confirmed that: | uncharacteristic behaviors can be situationally elicited. |
| Stepwise multiple regression would be most useful for: | identifying the smallest number of predictors needed to accurately predict scores on a criterion. |
| what are the four conditions for malpractice? | (1) a legal duty to the patient; (2) a breach or dereliction of that duty; (3) damage to the patient; and (4) a causal relationship between the breach of duty and the damage. |
| A researcher is most likely to choose the multiple-baseline design for her research study because: | she wants to avoid having to remove an effective treatment during the course of the study. |
| Encoding strategies, strategy construction, generalization, and automatization are of most interest to: | information processing theorists. |
| Kopta and his colleagues (1994) reviewed the recovery rates for 854 psychotherapy clients and found that, for acute symptoms, nearly 75% of the patients showed an alleviation of symptoms ("recovery") after the 28th therapy session. Their findings are: | consistent with earlier research by Howard et al. (1986) which found that 75% of therapy clients showed substantial improvement in symptoms after the 26th session. |
| research comparing outcomes for children who are actively rejected or neglected by their peers has found that: | neglected children are better adjusted than rejected children and are more likely to experience a change in social status when they change social groups. |
| research findings on the impact of serotonin levels on the eating behaviors of individuals with an Eating Disorder? | Low levels of serotonin are believed to precipitate binge eating in Bulimia and starvation in Anorexia. |
| Krumboltz's (1996) theory of career decision-making emphasizes | the individual's ability to acquire skills that allow him/her to respond to changes in work requirements |
| A "cover story" that causes research participants to think that the purpose of the study they are participating in is something other than what it really is would be most helpful for controlling | demand characteristics |
| Research on blended families has found that: | preadolescent boys have less trouble adjusting to a mother-stepfather arrangement than do preadolescent girls. |
Created by:
fensa