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psych exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Findings from people with pure autonomic failure suggest that ____. | autonomic output is important for experiencing emotion |
| While psychologists don’t agree on the exact order in which they occur they do agree that emotions typically have three main components: cognitions, feelings and actions. | true |
| According to the James-Lange theory, we experience emotion ____. | after we experience autonomic arousal |
| Which of the following is characterized by extreme sympathetic nervous system arousal? | panic attack |
| The two chemical families to which most antipsychotic drugs belong are ____. | phenothiazines and butyrophenones |
| Another term for antipsychotic drugs is ____. | neuroleptics |
| Autism spectrum disorder encompasses both autism and what used to be called Asperger’s syndrome. | true |
| The primary symptoms of autism spectrum disorders include ____. | deficits in social exchanges |
| Women who take folic acid pills during pregnancy have about ____ the probability of having a child with autism as compared to other women. | half |
| What is the difference between positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms? | behaviors that are present versus behaviors that are absent |
| What Bleuler meant by schizophrenia was a split between ____ and ____ aspects of experience. | emotional; intellectual |
| Prior to the 1950s, few schizophrenic patients who entered a mental hospital ever left. The discovery most responsible for alleviating that situation was the discovery of ____. | chlorpromazine |
| A delusion is a(n) ____. | unfounded belief |
| Genetic studies of schizophrenia have found that ____. | there are probably several possible genes that increase a person's risk for schizophrenia |
| Where is seasonal affective disorder most common? | near the poles |
| The first successful treatment for bipolar disorder, and still the most common one, is lithium salts. | true |
| In certain cases, it is possible to relieve depression by changing a person’s ____. | sleeping schedule |
| The use of electroconvulsive shock declined in the 1950s because ____. | antidepressant drugs became available |
| What is one of the best treatments for seasonal affective disorder? | bright light |
| Antidepressant drugs have effects at the synapse within hours, but may take weeks to change behavior. | true |
| Which category of antidepressant drugs operates by blocking the transporter proteins that reabsorb serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine into the presynaptic neuron after their release? | tricyclics |
| On average, those with the short form of the ____ transporter gene and a history of stressful experiences reported more than average symptoms of depression. | serotonin |
| In contrast to tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ____. | block the reuptake of only serotonin |
| Which category of antidepressant drugs operates by blocking the enzyme that metabolizes catecholamines and serotonin into inactive forms? | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors |
| A common drug to treat alcoholism that produces illness after consuming alcohol is ____. | Antabuse |
| Studies of individuals at high risk of alcoholism show that ____. | sons of alcoholics that show low physical responses to moderate drinking are more likely to abuse alcohol |
| Which drug is used in the treatment of alcoholism to block opiate receptors and thus reduce the pleasure from alcohol? | naloxone |
| Which drug is used in the treatment of opiate addiction and has the advantage of producing a long-lasting effect so that the person visits a clinic three times a week instead of daily? | LAAM |
| As the body comes to expect a drug under certain circumstances, it reacts strongly when the drug is absent. That reaction is called ____. | withdrawal |
| With respect to drug effects, "efficacy" means the tendency of a drug to ____. | activate a receptor |
| After a long period of abstinence, exposure to cues associated with the substance are very unlikely to trigger a renewed craving. | false |
| As an addiction develops, many of its effects, especially the enjoyable effects, decrease, a phenomenon known as____. | tolerance |
| Which neurotransmitter has been repeatedly connected with addictive drugs? | dopamine |
| To say that a drug has an affinity for a particular type of receptor is to imply that the drug ____. | binds to that receptor |
| The flow of ____ ions across the membrane is controlled by the GABAA complex | chloride |
| An experimental drug, Ro15-4513, has been shown to block the behavioral effects of ____. | alcohol |
| Amygdala damage will result in the complete loss of the startle response. | false |
| The parasite Toxoplasma gondii is able to reinfect cats when the cats ____. | eat fearless infected rats |
| When asked to draw pictures expressing different emotions, which emotion will cause the most difficulty for a person with Urbach-Wiethe disease? | fear |
| Benzodiazepine tranquilizers affect GABA synapses by ____. | facilitating binding of GABA to its receptors |
| The amygdala responds more strongly to an angry face directed ____, and a to fearful face directed ____. | to the side of you; toward you |
| The amygdala automatically directs your attention toward emotionally significant stimuli, even without your conscious awareness. | True |
| Alcohol decreases anxiety by ____. | promoting chloride flow at the GABA-A receptor complex |
| After a loud noise, information travels from the medulla to the ____, and then to the neck muscles. | pons |
| Not all children who are abused become violently aggressive in adolescence or adulthood. Of the following, which has been demonstrated to influence violence by these people? | genes regulating monoamine oxidase |
| If a hamster in its home territory attacks an intruder, what will the hamster do if a second intruder arrives shortly after the first intruder leaves? | withdraw from the second intruder |
| To measure fear or anxiety in both humans and nonhumans, researchers measure variations in an individual’s ____. | startle reflex |
| In people suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, the startle response is ____. | generally stronger than in other people |
| A study administering testosterone to women found which of these effects? | testosterone increased the amount of time they looked at angry faces. |
| Which of the following has been associated with an increased probability of suicide attempts? | high GABA turnover |
| Low serotonin turnover is associated with reduced aggression. | false |
| Male aggressive behavior depends heavily on ____. | testosterone |
| Startle responses are greater when a person is ____. | anxious |
| Damage to the amygdala impairs ____. | learned fears |
| Impulsive behavior and poor decisions are common symptoms of ____. | prefrontal damage |
| A search for the sadness center in the brain is unlikely to be successful because ____. | brain areas associated with particular emotions vary considerably |
| The behavioral inhibition system is associated with ____. | increased attention and arousal, decreased action, and fear or disgust |
| The behavioral activation system is associated with ____. | low to moderate arousal, tendency to approach new objects, and pleasant mood |
| Increased activity of the frontal and temporal lobes of the left hemisphere is associated with ____. | the behavioral activation system |
| The limbic system consists of structures that are believed to be important for which kind of responses? | emotional |
Created by:
a_scott1