Question 1

Yalta/Potsdam Conferences

Accepted Answer

it divided Germany and Berlin into four allied zones (end of WWII Conferences)

Question 2

Iron Curtain

Accepted Answer

refers to the imaginary line dividing Europe between Soviet influence and Western influence, and symbolizes efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and non-Soviet-controlled areas

Question 3

Marshall Plan

Accepted Answer

massive transfer of aid money to help rebuild postwar Western Europe, intended to bolster capitalist and democratic governments and prevent domestic communist groups from riding poverty and misery to power

Question 4

NATO

Accepted Answer

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a mutual defense alliance of nations in North America and Europe. NATO was formed in response to the global Soviet threat in the aftermath of World War II.

Question 5

Warsaw Pact

Accepted Answer

A collective defense arrangement similar to NATO, to protect the Eastern bloc from Western aggression. It also served to solidify Soviet control over Eastern Europe.

Question 6

Truman Doctrine

Accepted Answer

doctrine developed by Truman in accordance with the containment policy that promised economic aid to those fighting communists. The doctrine would later drag the U.S into more conflicts such as Vietnam and Korea

Question 7

Containment Policy

Accepted Answer

foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances

Question 8

Berlin Airlift

Accepted Answer

Year-long mission of flying food and supplies to blockaded West Berliners, whom the Soviet Union cut off from access to the West in the first major crisis of the Cold War

Question 9

Domino Theory

Accepted Answer

Cold War policy that suggested a communist government in one nation would quickly lead to communist takeovers in neighboring states, each falling like a row of dominos.

Question 10

Brinkmanship

Accepted Answer

an approach in which a country pushes a situation extremely close to a dangerous poin

Question 11

Massive Retaliation

Accepted Answer

a threat to use nuclear weapons to prevent war.

Question 12

Mutually Assured Destruction

Accepted Answer

The doctrine assumes that the opposition has enough nuclear power to destroy their side and if attacked, either side would respond in equal or greater force, leading to total destruction.

Question 13

Military Industrial Complex

Accepted Answer

the inter linkage of the military and the defense industry that emerged with the arms buildup of the Cold War

Question 14

Arms Race

Accepted Answer

Cold war competition in 1950's between the U.S. and Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons.

Question 15

Sputnik/Space Race

Accepted Answer

Sputnik. The first satellite ever launched into space, was launched by the Russians; began the "race for space" where Americans competed with the Russians to get farther into space.

Question 16

Bay of Pigs

Accepted Answer

an American attempt to overthrow the newly established communist government in Cuba by training and sending Cuban rebels

Question 17

Cuban Missile Crisis

Accepted Answer

an incident where Soviet missiles were placed in Cuba as a response for help. The event greatly increased tensions between the Soviets and the Americans. As a result, a hotline was established between the two nations to avoid any accidents.

Question 18

Berlin Wall

Accepted Answer

a fortified wall made up of concrete and barbed wire made to prevent East Germans escaping to West Berlin. It was one of the most visible signs of the Cold War and the Iron Curtain

Question 19

Anti Ballistic missiles

Accepted Answer

(ABMS)

Question 20

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

Accepted Answer

(SALT)

Question 21

Detente

Accepted Answer

period of Cold War thawing when the United States and the Soviet Union negotiated reduced armament treaties (A clear sign that a détente was emerging was found in the signing of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty in 1968)

Question 22

SDI/Star Wars

Accepted Answer

Reagan's proposed Strategic Defense Initiative (1983), also known as "Star Wars," called for a land- or space-based shield against a nuclear attack.

Question 23

Glasnost/Perestroika

Accepted Answer

glasnost (political openness to end political repression and move toward greater political freedom for Soviet citizens-to improve relation with the US). perestroika (restructuring the soviet economy by introducing some free-market practices)

Question 24

McCarthyism

Accepted Answer

1950s, Senator McCarthy used his position in Congress to baselessly accuse high-ranking government officials and other Americans of conspiracy with communism.

Question 25

HUAC

Accepted Answer

House Committee on Un-American Activities. to investigate alleged disloyalty and rebel activities on the part of private citizens, public employees and organizations suspected of having Communist ties.

Question 26

Hollywood Ten

Accepted Answer

group of Hollywood writers and producers, some of whom were former communists, who were jailed for contempt by the House Un-American Committee (HUAC)

Question 27

Alger Hiss

Accepted Answer

A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy

Question 28

Julius & Ethel RosenBerg

Accepted Answer

The stunning success of Soviet Scientists in building the atomic bomb was mainly due to spies. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were sending atomic data to Moscow and were convicted in 1951 of espionage and executed in 1953

Question 29

Rock and Roll

Accepted Answer

Some people believe that the music had a positive influence on the civil rights movement, because both Black American and White American teenagers enjoyed it

Question 30

Beatniks

Accepted Answer

a group of young poets, writers, and artists who were critical of middle-class society;

Question 31

Warren Commission

Accepted Answer

Commission made by LBJ after killing of John F. Kennedy. (Point is to investigate if someone paid for the assassination of Kennedy.) Conclusion is that Oswald killed Kennedy on his own

Question 32

Mikhail Gorbachev

Accepted Answer

Soviet leader that was installed as chairman of the Soviet Communist Party in March 1985. He was amicable, energetic, and most of all committed to reforming the Soviet Union. He championed two policies: glasnost and perestroika

Question 33

Ronald Reagan

Accepted Answer

led a conservative movement against détente with the Soviet Union and the growth of the federal government; Reaganomics

Question 34

Perestroika

Accepted Answer

"restructuring," a cornerstone along with Glasnost of Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev's reform movement in the USSR in the 1980s. These policies resulted in greater market liberalization, access to the West, and ultimately the end of communist rule

Question 35

Glasnost

Accepted Answer

Glasnost was taken to mean increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union (USSR)

Question 36

Tiananmen Square

Accepted Answer

site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989 (pro-democracy) importance: the demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life

Question 37

Boris Yeltsin

Accepted Answer

Russian Republic's president. Yeltsin was significant because he brought Russia out of communism and attempted to transform it into a democracy with a free market economy

Question 38

Commonwealth of Independent States

Accepted Answer

Confederation of fifteen former Soviet states that came into being after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991; these new governments repudiated communism and embraced democratic reforms and free-market economies

Question 39

European Union

Accepted Answer

an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members.

Question 40

Eisenhower Doctrine

Accepted Answer

the U.S. pledged economic and military aid to any Middle Eastern country threatened by communism. This doctrine was announced by Eisenhower in 1957 and was intended to do what America has been doing since the Cold War: contain the spread of communism

Question 41

Camp David Accords

Accepted Answer

a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt issuing from talks at Camp David between Egyptian President Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Begin, and the host, U.S. President Carter: signed in 1979.

Question 42

Suez Crisis

Accepted Answer

the Egyptian Government seized control of the Suez Canal from the British and French owned company that managed it (lead to military intervention by Britain France and Isreal)

Question 43

Alliance for Progress

Accepted Answer

nitiated by President John F. Kennedy in 1961, the Alliance for Progress sought to establish economic cooperation between the United States and Latin America and avert an expansion of communist influence in the region

Question 44

Peace Corps

Accepted Answer

federal agency created by President Kennedy in 1961 to promote voluntary service by Americans in foreign countries. The Peace Corps provides labor power to help developing countries improve their infrastructure, health care, educational systems ect

Question 45

OPEC

Accepted Answer

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. An economic organization consisting primarily of Arab nations that controls the price of oil and the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations.

Question 46

Ho Chi Minh

Accepted Answer

the nationalist leader in Vietnam. He organized the Vietnamese against Japan and later France. He became the leader of North Vietnam and organized the Vietnamese Communist Party

Question 47

Vietcong

Accepted Answer

A communist-led army and guerrilla force in South Vietnam that fought its government and was supported by North Vietnam.

Question 48

Ngo Dinh Diem

Accepted Answer

South Vietnamese President during the Vietnam War. He was a Catholic who strongly opposed Communism. However, corruption in the government and other problems made him an ineffectual leader

Question 49

SEATO

Accepted Answer

An Asian alliance, set up by Secretary Dulles on the model of NATO, to help support the anti-communist regime in South Vietnam

Question 50

Hawks/ Doves

Accepted Answer

hawks” are those who advocate an aggressive foreign policy based on strong military power. “Doves” try to resolve international conflicts without the threat of force.

Question 51

Credibility Gap

Accepted Answer

the gap between the people and the government that grew as the people became disillusioned with the Vietnam war and Watergate

Question 52

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Accepted Answer

Congress approved and supported “the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression. in southeast Asia

Question 53

Tet Offensive

Accepted Answer

The name given to a campaign in January 1968 by the Viet Cong to attack twenty-seven South Vietnamese cities

Question 54

My Lai Massacre

Accepted Answer

Military assault in a small Vietnamese village on March 16, 1968, in which American soldiers under the command of 2nd Lieutenant William Calley murdered hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians, mostly women and children.

Question 55

Pentagon Papers

Accepted Answer

revealed that the U.S. had secretly enlarged the scope of its actions in the Vietnam War with coastal raids on North Vietnam and Marine Corps attacks—none of which were reported in the mainstream media. (affected credibility gap)

Question 56

Kent State Massacre

Accepted Answer

Massacre of four college students by National Guardsmen on May 4, 1970, in Ohio. In response to Nixon's announcement that he had expanded the Vietnam War into Cambodia, college campuses across the country exploded in violence

Question 57

Free Speech Movement

Accepted Answer

a college campus phenomenon inspired first by the struggle for civil rights and later fueled by opposition to the Vietnam War. The Free Speech Movement began in 1964, when students at a University protested a ban on on-campus political activities.

Question 58

Students for a Democratic Society

Accepted Answer

a student activist movement in the United States that was one of the main representations of the New Left. focused on issues of race, foreign policy and economic inequality.

Question 59

Vietnamization

Accepted Answer

President Richard Nixon's strategy for ending U.S involvement in the Vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawal of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces.

Question 60

"Peace with Honor"

Accepted Answer

the United States would honor its existing defense commitments but, in the future, countries would have to fight their own wars.

Question 61

Paris Accords

Accepted Answer

intended to establish peace in Vietnam and an end to the Vietnam War. It ended direct U.S. military combat, and temporarily stopped the fighting between North and South Vietnam.

Question 62

War Power Resolution

Accepted Answer

It stipulates the president must notify Congress within 48 hours of military action and prohibits armed forces from remaining for more than 60 days

Question 63

Equal Pay Act

Accepted Answer

made it illegal to pay women lower wages than men for the job solely because they are women.

Question 64

The Great Society

Accepted Answer

A domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs.

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