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Ch.20; Lymph
Bio 142 Spring 2024
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lymphatic system is the bridging of ______ _______ system and ______ system | cardio vascular system and immune system |
| The main function of the lymphatic system is "________" blood | "cleaning" blood |
| Lymphoid organs and tissues are responsible for "clearing out" _________ | pathogens |
| What are lymphatic vessels? | elaborate network of drainage of vessels |
| Once interstitial fluid enters lymphatics, it is called____________ | lymph |
| The purpose of the lymphatic system is to help maintain h___________ | homeostasis example: immune system |
| The flow of lymp is away from _____ and towards the _____ | away from tissues and towards the heart |
| True or False: lymphatic capillaries have thin walls and a larger diameter | True |
| Lymphatic capillaries are absent from _______ **There are a few correct answers | bones, teeth, central nervous system |
| True or False: Lymphatic capillaries have very poor permeability | False (slide 4) |
| What happens to minivalves when the extracellular fluid volume increases vs. when the fluid volume decreases | increase = minivalves open decrease = minivalves close |
| What is a lacteal and what do they do? | specialized lymph capillary absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph to the blood |
| What is chyle? | another word for fatty lymph (slide 4) |
| True or False: The right lymphatic duct drains everything from right the side of the body **think about it!! | False **The right lymphatic duct drain everything from the diaphragm up on the right side of the body |
| Lymphatic capillaries combine to form ___________ | collecting vessels |
| Collecting vessels combine to form ___________ | lymphatic trunks |
| Lymphatic trunks combine to form ___________ | lymphatic ducts |
| Lumbar trunks drain from the __________ | lower body |
| Bronchomediastinal trunks drain from the __________ | chest |
| Subclavian trunks drain from the _________ Jugular trunks drain from the __________ & ________ area | arms head & neck area |
| Intestinal trunk drains from the __________ | intestinal tract |
| Lymph system is a _____-pressure system | low-pressure |
| Lymph is propelled by what mechanisms? **There are a few correct answers | Muscle contraction Respiratory rate Valves Physical activity |
| (Stroma, T cells, B cells) work as the spider or "workers" They "pounce" on whatever the spider web caught | T cells and B cells |
| (Stroma, T cells, B cells) is the spider web or "location for the workers" | Stroma |
| The immune system you are born with is your ________ immune system | innate immune system |
| What do antibodies do? | Mark something for destruction |
| ______ cells make antibodies and mark things for destruction ______ cells do the actual "fighting" to destroy infected cells | B cells T cells |
| Macrophages help active _____ cells and engulf foreign substances | T cells |
| What do Dendritic cells do? | capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes and help active T cells |
| What do Reticular cells produce? | reticular fibers called stoma |
| True or False: Lymphoid tissues give vantage point for our immune cells | True (slide 11) |
| Lymphoid tissues are largely composed of _________ connective tissue | reticular connective tissue |
| Spaces between fibers offer a place for __________ to occupy | lymphocytes |
| ________ _______ tissue is found almost everywhere, **large collections in mucous membrane | Diffuse lymphoid tissue |
| _________ centers is a place where something is replicated over and over again | Germinal centers |
| How are the lymphoid organs separated or categorized? | Primary and Secondary |
| Where are lymphocytes "born and raised"? **where they originate and mature | Primary lymphoid organs **bone marrow and thymus |
| Where do lymphocytes do their "fighting"? | Secondary lymphoid organs **lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, etc. |
| (B/T)_____ cells originate in the bones marrow | B and T cells |
| (B/T)_____ cells mature in the thymus | T cells |
| (B/T)_____ cells mature in the bone marrow | B cells |
| What is your main secondary lymphoid organ? | Lymph nodes |
| What are the 3 main places you find lymph nodes? | Cervical area(neck) Axillary area(armpit) Inguinal area(groin) (slide 13) |
| What are the 2 main functions of the lymph nodes? | 1. Cleaning the lymph: macrophages remove & destroy microorganisms and debris that enter lymph 2. Immune system activation: lymphocytes become activated and mount to attack against antigens |
| Most lymph nodes are (small/large)______ and shaped like a ______ | small and shaped like a bean |
| Lymph nodes are surrounded by external _______ _______ | fibrous capsule |
| What is the purpose of the external fibrous capsule that surround lymph nodes? | protection |
| Capsule fibers extend inward as ______________ | trabeculae |
| Lymph nodes contain 2 regions __________ & ___________ | Cortex & Medulla |
| The superficial cortex region of the lymph node contains follicles that are heavy with diving ________ cells | diving B cells |
| The deep cortex region of the lymph node houses ______ cells in transit | T cells |
| _________ cords within the medulla extend inward from the cortex | Medullary cords |
| Medullary cords contain _______ cells | B cells, T cells, and Plasma cells slide(17) |
| _______ sinuses are found throughout the node, __________ are fount on fibers checking for foreign matter | Lymph sinuses, Macrophages are fount on fibers |
| Lymph enters node via __________ lymphatic vessels and leaves via ____________ lymphatic vessels | enters via afferent lymphatic vessels exits via efferent lymphatic vessels |
| What is the largest lymphoid organ? | Spleen |
| The spleen is abundant in ______________ | macrophages |
| Why is it important for the spleen to have an abundant amount of macrophages? | To help break down old red blood cells and remove debris |
| The amount of lymphocytes in the spleen helps with the bodies _________ ________ | immune response |
| What can the spleen store for later use? | iron and blood platelets |
| The spleen is encased by ______ ______ for protection | fibrous capsule |
| Majority of lymphocytes in the spleen are in the (white/red)_________ pulp | white pulp |
| Majority of macrophages in the spleen are in the (white/red)_________ pulp where ___ ______ cells get engulfed | red pulp where red blood cells get engulfed |
| What is MALT(Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)? | Lymphoid tissues in mucous membranes throughout the body |
| Where is MALT(Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) most commonly found?(3) | Respiratory tract(tonsils) Urinary tract Digestive tract(peyer's patches & appendix) |
| What is the simplest lymphoid organ? | Tonsils |
| ________ tonsils are your largest and most often infected tonsils | Palatine tonsils |
| ________ tonsils are located at the base of the tongue | Lingual tonsils |
| ________ tonsils are also called the adenoids | Pharyngeal tonsils |
| ________ tonsils surround openings of auditory tubes | Tubal tonsils |
| What is the purpose of your tonsils? | To remove pathogens in food or air |
| What is the purpose of tonsillar crypts? | To trap pathogens and give lymphocytes time to attack |
| What are peyer's patches and where are they found? | clusters of lymphoid follicles, found in wall of small intestine(illium) |
| What is the purpose of peyer's patches? | destroy bacteria generate "memory" lymphocytes prevent bacteria from getting into the blood |
| The appendix contains large numbers of ______ _______ | lymphoid follicles(B cells and T cells) |
| What is the purpose of the appendix? | **very similar to peyer's patches destroy bacteria generate "memory" lymphocytes prevent bacteria from getting into the blood |
| When is the thymus the most active? | during childhood, gets smaller with age |
| The thymus is divided into 2 regions __________ & ___________ | Cortex & Medulla |
| The cortex in the thymus contains rapidly dividing _____ cells and scatter __________ | T cells and scatter macrophages |
| The medulla in the thymus contains _______ ______ that help prevent autoimmunity | thymic corpuscles (regulatory T cells) |
| The thymus lack _______ cells and does not directly ________ antigens | lack B cells and does not directly fight antigens |
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