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Microeconomics Exam2

QuestionAnswer
Consumer surplus Buyers’ willingness to pay for a good minus the amount they actually pay
Consumer surplus measures The benefit buyers get from participating in a market
Consumer surplus can be computed by Finding the area below the demand curve and above the price.
Producer surplus The amount sellers receive for their goods minus their costs of production
Producer surplus measures The benefit sellers get from participating in a market
Producer surplus can be computed by the area below the price and above the supply curve
Total surplus The sum of consumer and producer surplus
What maximizes total surplus? The equilibrium of supply and demand
Willingness to pay the maximum amount that a buyer will pay for a good
Cost the value of everything a seller must give up to produce a good
A price ceiling is A legal maximum on the price of a good or service.
If the price ceiling is below the equilibrium price, then the price is binding
When the price ceiling is binding the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied
A price floor is a legal minimum on the price of a good or service.
If the price floor is above the equilibrium price, then the price is binding
When the price floor is binding the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded
When the government levies a tax on a good, the equilibrium quantity of the good Falls
A tax on a good places a wedge between the price paid by buyers and the price received by sellers
When the market moves to the new equilibrium buyers pay more for the good and sellers receive less for it.
The incidence of a tax depends on the price elasticities of supply and demand
tax incidence the manner in which the burden of a tax is shared among participants in a market
How Taxes on Sellers Affect Market Outcomes -The supply curve will shift left by the exact amount of the tax -The quantity of the good sold will decline.
Lessons on taxes 1. Taxes discourage market activity. 2. Buyers and sellers share the burden of a tax
How Taxes on Buyers Affect Market Outcomes -The demand curve will shift left by the exact amount of the tax -Decrease in demand
When supply is elastic and demand is inelastic the largest share of the tax burden falls on consumers
When supply is inelastic and demand is elastic the largest share of the tax burden falls on producers
In general, a tax burden falls more heavily on the side of the market that is less elastic
A small elasticity of demand means buyers do not have good alternatives to consuming this product
small elasticity of supply means sellers do not have good alternatives to producing this particular good
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