Only two Hymenolepsis species infect humans, they are...

Hymenolepsis nana and H.diminuta

(hymen means thin skin, lepis means scale, nanus means dwarf), also known as the dwarf tapeworm of mice and humans, 7-50 mm.)

(diminuta means small) a rat tapeworm that can parasitize humans (20–40 cm). H. diminuta is a rat tapeworm that can also infect humans.

How many hosts does H. diminuta need?

H. diminuta is a rat tapeworm that can also infect humans. It needs two hosts including the flour beetle. The life cycle is similar to H. nana, except there is no autoinfection.

Hymenolepis Life Cycle:

the eggs from stool are taken by fleas and beetles, where the hexacanth oncosphere develops into a cysticercoid. After ingestion by humans/rodents, oncosphere develops into cercocystis. Via its autoinfection, the tapeworm species can increase its number.

How many cases does H.diminuta have?

1561 cases (1810 to 2018), over 500 cases since 2000.

Hymenolepis Pathology

Most cases are asymptomatic. Heavy infection of H. nana leads to diarrhea.

Hymenolepis Diagnosis

It is diagnosed by the observation of eggs in feces. However, in cases of light infections, repeated examinations and concentration techniques may be necessary.

Treatment for hymenolepiasis is praziquantel.

The gene number is 13,777 for H. nana and 11,271 for H. diminuta.

Hymenolepis and Cancer

A linking between infection and cancer was demonstrated in an AIDS patient who had died of cancer with his cancer cells having originally from the tapeworm Hymenolepsis nana.

In their tapeworm-cancer paper, the investigators used _________ and ______ for the identification of Hymenolepis. A primer design for ___ was also uncovered.

ribosomal RNA and cytochrome c oxidase, PCR

Examples of Taeniasis Awareness

The Vicious Worm, 59 ft tapeworm in man.

How many proglottids are produced by different tapeworms?

The number of proglottids varies among the different tapeworms: three to five are produced by the Echinococcus spp. while hundreds are produced by Taenia spp.

T-box genes are involved in all of the major developmental signaling pathways in metazoans. The ones in Taenia spp. may play an important role in the strobilation process in adult tapeworms.

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Hymenolepsis

Question	Answer
Only two Hymenolepsis species infect humans, they are...	Hymenolepsis nana and H.diminuta
Hymenolepis nana	(hymen means thin skin, lepis means scale, nanus means dwarf), also known as the dwarf tapeworm of mice and humans, 7-50 mm.)
H.diminuta	(diminuta means small) a rat tapeworm that can parasitize humans (20–40 cm). H. diminuta is a rat tapeworm that can also infect humans.
H. nana was first described by ________ and is the most ______ cestode infection in humans with worldwide distribution.	Theodore Bilharz, common
How many hosts does H. diminuta need?	H. diminuta is a rat tapeworm that can also infect humans. It needs two hosts including the flour beetle. The life cycle is similar to H. nana, except there is no autoinfection.
Hymenolepis Life Cycle:	the eggs from stool are taken by fleas and beetles, where the hexacanth oncosphere develops into a cysticercoid. After ingestion by humans/rodents, oncosphere develops into cercocystis. Via its autoinfection, the tapeworm species can increase its number.
H.diminuta Prevalence	0.002 to 8.222%.
How many cases does H.diminuta have?	1561 cases (1810 to 2018), over 500 cases since 2000.
Hymenolepis Pathology	Most cases are asymptomatic. Heavy infection of H. nana leads to diarrhea.
Hymenolepis Diagnosis	It is diagnosed by the observation of eggs in feces. However, in cases of light infections, repeated examinations and concentration techniques may be necessary.
Hymenolepis Therapy	Treatment for hymenolepiasis is praziquantel.
Hymenolepis Genome	The gene number is 13,777 for H. nana and 11,271 for H. diminuta.
Hymenolepis and Cancer	A linking between infection and cancer was demonstrated in an AIDS patient who had died of cancer with his cancer cells having originally from the tapeworm Hymenolepsis nana.
In their tapeworm-cancer paper, the investigators used _________ and ______ for the identification of Hymenolepis. A primer design for ___ was also uncovered.	ribosomal RNA and cytochrome c oxidase, PCR
Examples of Taeniasis Awareness	The Vicious Worm, 59 ft tapeworm in man.
Origins of Taenia in humans have traditionally been associated with domestication of either _____ (T. saginata) or ____ (T. solium).	cattle, swine
How many proglottids are produced by different tapeworms?	The number of proglottids varies among the different tapeworms: three to five are produced by the Echinococcus spp. while hundreds are produced by Taenia spp.
T-box genes	T-box genes are involved in all of the major developmental signaling pathways in metazoans. The ones in Taenia spp. may play an important role in the strobilation process in adult tapeworms.

Created by: smurtab

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