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Sociology Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Social control refers to | The method a society uses to promote order and stability |
| Assume that police in one lower-class neighborhood do not pursue burglary investigations as vigorously as the police in a nearby affluent suburb. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this fact? | Victim discounting |
| A person is in jail for burglary. Two weeks after he is released, he begins burglarizing homes again and is soon back in prison. This is an example of | Recidivism |
| It is so important to Chris to appear successful to others that he begins stealing goods from the ware house where he works and reselling them to obtain money. This is an example of | Innovation |
| "The more you hang around with a group of teenagers who shoplift, the more likely it is that you will become a shoplifter." Which of the following theories would most strongly agree with this statement? | Differential association |
| A plumber has stolen thousands of dollars from individuals be installing substandard plumbing fixtures. The judge says that the plumber must pay for new fixtures for these people's homes. This is an example of | Retribution |
| A young high-school dropout is sent to prison for repeated car theft. While in prison the individual is helped in obtaining his high-school equivalency degree to increase his chances of getting a good job when he is released. This is an example of | Rehabilitation |
| When you reject a goal but continue to use socially accepted means of achievement that goal, you engaging in | Ritualism |
| Even though Stephan studied hard during the first semester of chemistry class, he still received a D. During the second semester, he decided it was hopeless and quit studying. Which of the following best describes his behavior? | Retreatism |
| _______ refers to the situation in which a criminal is repeatedly imprisoned for the same type of crime. | Recidivism |
| One way that prisons attempt to _______ is to teach them skills that will be helpful in finding productive jobs when they are released. | Rehabilitate |
| If a habitual drunk driver is sent to prison, she is | Being incarcerated |
| Any act that violates the law is a | Crime |
| A group whose members use illegal drugs, steal money to pay for their habits, and do | Secondary deviance |
| Several members of a little league team begin wearing their baseball caps backwards and soon the entire team is following this style. This is an example of | Group conformity |
| The changes caused by the Industrial Revolution, such as people moving from farms to cities, is an example of social | Dynamics |
| Carlos's first grade teacher is teaching him that he should speak in class only after raising his hand and being acknowledged. This rule is an example of a | Norm |
| This distribution of power is most important in which of the following theoretical perspectives? | Conflict perspective |
| Which of the following is true concerning causation? | Most events have multiple causes |
| In the United States, most people believe that every child is entitled to an education. This is an example of a | Value |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of organic solidarity? | People have complex specialized statuses that make them interdependent |
| Our ___________ is those people we look to establish values and attitudes and who we use to evaluate ourselves. | Reference group |
| Marie's best friend lives across the street from her and they spend most of their free time together. This is an example of | Primary relationship |
| A bureaucracy is an example of a formal organization because | Bureaucracies are deliberately created to reach long term goals |
| Which of the following people would most likely be a member of the working poor? | A man with few marketable skills who comes from a family in which people typically worked only enough to get by |
| Which of the following is an example of institutionalized discrimination? | A department manager gives preferential treatment to employees who are his friends, even though this is against company name |
| "The more you hang out with a group of teenagers who shoplift, the more likely that you will become a shoplifter." Which of the following theories would most strongly agree with this statement? | Different association theory |
| Which of the following institutions has the greatest effect on individual behavior? | The family |
| When elementary school children sing "America the Beautiful" in music class, their sense of patriotism is being reinforced. This is an example of | Hidden curriculum |
| Functionalists that state that sports | Provide a safe release for feelings of aggression |
| Which of the following characteristics must a group of people have to be considered a population? | They must be in a specific place at a specific time |
| Neighbors attack a man living in a local house whom they suspect of drug dealing. The man is so badly beaten that he must be taken to the hospital. This is an example of a | Mob |
| Your state requires you to have a driver's license in order to drive a car. This is an example of the state's | Authority |
| Some Native Americans consider the eagle feather a religious symbol. For them, the eagle feather is | Sacred |
| Deviant behavior is any behavior that has a negative impact on society | True |
| Another name for retreatism is rebellion | False |
| The more time an individual spends with a group, the more likely he or she is to conform to that group's norms | True |
| Any crime that is committed by an upper-class individual is considered white-collar crime | True |
| A person is more likely to copy the deviant behavior of someone who is a significant other than someone whose opinion is unimportant to the person | True |
| Victim discounting occurs when police investigate the same types of crimes more vigorously in upper-class neighborhoods than in lower-class neighborhoods | False |
| Most sociologists conduct research in highly-controlled laboratory settings | False |
| Being a professional ballplayer would be an example of an ascribed status | False |
| Conflict theory states that the majority uses prejudice and discrimination to control a minority | True |
| Because sociologists cannot evaluate religious beliefs, the focus on the social dimensions of religion | True |
| Cultural transmission theory says that some people are deviant because it is part of their nature | False |
| Humans have more instincts than other animals because they are more intelligent | False |
| Consumers like monopolies because they tend to keep prices low | False |
| One way in which war brings about diffusion is because is breaks down barriers between societies | True |
| Before an infant can take place in cultural life, he must be socialized | True |
| Historically, most families have been patriarchies, but in developed countries, the have become increasingly democratic | True |
| Rejecting a goal, but continuing to use the legitimate means of achieving it | Ritualism |
| A person accepts a goal, but uses illegal means to reach it | Innovation |
| Rejecting a goal, and also rejecting the legitimate means of achieving it | Retreatism |
| Rejecting a goal and the legitimate means of achieving it, but substituting new goals and means of achievement | Rebellion |
| Accepting a goal, and also accepting the socially approved methods of achieving it | Conformity |
Created by:
lisapatel28