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Chapter 1 Practice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What process is defined as the removal of wastes? Metabolism Absorption Assimilation Excretion | Excretion |
| We know all there is to know about the structure and function of the human body. True False | False |
| Which of the following is not part of the female reproductive system? The uterus The uterine tube The vulva The scrotum | The scrotum |
| What causes wrinkling and sagging of the skin? Drinking too much water Genetics Loss of subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen. Excess subcutaneous fat | Loss of subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen |
| What is the definition of homeostasis? The changing external conditions. The maintenance of stable external conditions. The changing internal conditions. The maintenance of stable internal conditions. | The maintenance of stable internal conditions. |
| What is/are the origin(s) of many of the terms in anatomy and physiology? Greek and Latin Spanish and Portuguese French and German Chinese and Japanese | Greek and Latin |
| What is the term "physiology" is related to? The Latin word for "physical shape". The structure of internal organs. The Greek word for "cutting up". The Greek word for "relationship to nature". | The Greek word for "relationship to nature". |
| Temperature is a form of energy, whereas heat is a measurement of the intensity of the temperature. True False | False |
| Which of the following are typically required to maintain a stable internal environment? Positive feedback mechanisms. An unstable outside environment. Decreased atmospheric pressure. Negative feedback mechanisms. | Negative feedback mechanisms |
| Cells with similar functions aggregate into organelles. True False | False |
| What is illustrated by the recent discovery of taste receptors in the small intestine that detect sweetness? Chemical responses occur in only one part of the body. New discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made. Everything there is to know about anatomy and physiology has been discovered. The molecular and cellular levels are of little interest in anatomy and physiology. | New discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made. |
| In all organisms, what is the basic unit of structure and function? The atom The organelle The macromolecule The cell | The cell |
| Kidneys are part of the lymphatic system. True False | False |
| Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body are balanced and heat and pressure __________. decrease steadily remain within certain limited ranges increase when the body is stressed fluctuate greatly between very high and low values | remain within certain limited ranges |
| Simple squamous epithelium is an example of which organizational level? Organ system Organ Tissue Molecule | Tissue |
| Which of the following processes is most important to the continuation of the human species? Responsiveness Movement Reproduction Respiration | Reproduction |
| Which of the following lists best illustrates increasing levels of complexity? Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, organ systems. Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, organ systems. Organs, organelles, organ systems, cells, tissues. Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems. | Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems |
| The anatomy of a body part is closely related to its physiology. True False | True |
| Chromosomes get longer as a cell ages. True False | False |
| Which of the following illustrates a positive feedback mechanism? Maintenance of blood pressure. Uterine contractions during childbirth. Body temperature control. Control of blood sugar. | Uterine contractions during childbirth |
| A researcher has questions about the structure of the mesentery, a tissue connecting the intestines to the wall of the abdominal cavity. They begin researching its location, components, and its specific structures. This researcher is studying the physiology of the organ. True False | False |
| Aging begins in the fetus. True False | True |
| The field of medicine arose as early healers abandoned superstitions and ideas about magic and started using natural chemicals and wondering why they were effective at treating illness. True False | True |
| Which is a physiological description rather than an anatomical one? Heart muscle is under involuntary control and is fatigue-resistance. The skin is composed of an epithelial layer over a connective tissue layer. The quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles are located in the thigh. The aorta is a large vessel connected to the heart. | Heart muscle is under involuntary control and is fatigue-resistance. |
| What type of structures can be visualized using ultrasonography? Dense organs, such as bones. Air-filled organs, such as lungs. Soft internal structures, such as fetuses. Microscopic structures, such as mitochondria. | Soft internal structures, such as fetuses |
| A researcher has questions about the functions of the greater omentum, a structure found in the abdominal cavity. They begin researching its various functions. This researcher is studying the physiology of the organ. True False | True |
| A parietal layer of a serous membrane__________, whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane__________. covers organs; lines cavities lines cavities; covers organs secretes serous fluid; secretes mucus secretes mucus; secretes a serous fluid | lines cavities; covers organs |
| What is assimilation? The changing of absorbed substances into different chemical forms. The breaking down of foods into nutrients that the body can absorb. The elimination of waste from the body. The increase in body size without a change in overall shape. | The changing of absorbed substances into different chemical forms. |
| What is the effect of a positive feedback mechanism? It causes long-term changes. It moves conditions away from the normal state. It brings conditions back to the normal state. It produces stable conditions. | It moves conditions away from the normal state |
| The activities of an anatomist consist of__________, whereas those of a physiologist consist of__________. observing body parts; studying functions of body parts conducting experiments; making microscopic examinations studying molecules; observing forms of the body parts sketching; dissecting | observing body parts; studying functions of body parts |
| Absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide. True False | False |
| The maintenance of a steady body temperature in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions illustrates homeostasis. True False | True |
| When does cell death first occur? Around age 60 Around age 50 At puberty During fetal development | During fetal development |
| Paired organs that are bilateral, on the left and right side of the body, would be separated by a midsagittal section. True False | True |
| What is a characteristic that many centenarians share? They had high level of exercise throughout life. They have long-lived relatives. They follow the Mediterranean diet. They never smoked. | They never smoked |
| The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities. True False | True |
| The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body is an example of__________. circulation respiration responsiveness absorption | responsiveness |
| Blood cells are produced in the organs of the__________ system. endocrine skeletal respiratory muscular | skeletal |
| The upper midportion of the abdomen is called the __________ region. hypochondriac iliac hypogastric epigastric | epigastric |
| Cadaver dissection is against the law in the United States. True False | False |
| Reproduction is the change in body characteristics over time. True False | False |
| Organ systems consist of organs, which consist of tissues. True False | True |
| An older adult would be less vulnerable to emerging influenzas and other seasonal viruses due to increased cell efficiency and heightened cell division. True False | False |
| A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of an organism. True False | True |
| Which of the following processes does not help to maintain the life of an individual organism? Responsiveness Movement Reproduction Respiration | Reproduction |
| Name two types of cavities found in the head. Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity Oral cavity and mediastinum Cranial cavity and vertebral canal Middle ear cavities and pleural cavities | Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity |
| What is the origin of the term "anatomy"? From the Greek word for "function". Named after the first anatomist. From the Greek word for "cutting up". For the function of internal organs. | From the Greek word for "cutting up". |
| What is the definition of metabolism? The removal of wastes produced by chemical reactions. The breakdown of substances into simpler forms. The taking in of nutrients. The chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life. | The chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life. |
| What is a main function of the digestive system? Formation of cells Movement of body parts Absorption of nutrients Providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients. | Absorption of nutrients |
| Which of the following must the human body obtain from the environment in order to survive? Nitrogen Wastes Water Carbon dioxide | Water |
| The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat. True False | True |
| Homeostasis is the maintenance of an unstable internal environment. True False | False |
| You accidentally cut your hand. Blood platelets in the area begin to attach to the broken blood vessel walls in the wound. What needs to happen next to create a positive feedback mechanism? | The platelets change shape and encourage more platelets to rush in and stick to each other to form plugs that seal the broken vessels. |
| The thoracic cavity is__________ to the abdominopelvic cavity. dorsal (posterior) ventral (anterior) superior inferior | superior |
| The elbow is distal to the wrist. True False | False |
| Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form__________. tissues organs organ systems organelles | tissues |
| Which of the following diseases would originate in the abdominopelvic cavity? Asthma Laryngitis Myopia (near-sightedness) Pancreatitis | Pancreatitis |
| At what level of organization is skin? Tissue level Cellular level Organ level System level Chemical level | Organ level |
| The pancreas releases hormones. It also releases enzymes needed to break down food. Because of this dual role, the pancreas could be considered part of what two organ systems? Nervous and digestive systems Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems Endocrine and digestive systems Urinary and endocrine systems Lymphatic and integumentary systems | Endocrine and digestive systems |
| The digestive system filters wastes from the blood. True False | False |
| The organ systems responsible for integration and coordination are the nervous and endocrine systems. True False | True |
| The femoral region is________ to the popliteal region. distal medial proximal lateral | proximal |
| What is the anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface? Anterior Proximal Superficial Superior | Superficial |
| Magnetic resonance imaging uses__________. X-rays radio waves radioisotopes high-frequency sound waves | radio waves |
| What organ system includes the kidneys? Respiratory system Digestive system Endocrine system Urinary system | Urinary system |
| The head is superior to the neck. True False | True |
| Which of the following is an example of a positive homeostatic mechanism in the human body? Shivering when body temperature falls below normal. Increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls. Retention of fluid leading to retention of more fluid. Secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration toward normal. | Retention of fluid leading to retention of more fluid |
| Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions is correct? Responsiveness: obtaining and using oxygen to release energy from food. Assimilation: sensing changes inside or outside the body and reacting to them. Respiration: changing absorbed substances into forms that are chemically different from those that entered the body fluids. Circulation: the movement of substances in body fluids. | Circulation: the movement of substances in body fluids. |
| A body in the anatomical position is lying down, as a cadaver would be positioned. True False | False |
| Why are the topics of anatomy and physiology difficult to separate? Physiological functions depend on anatomy of structures. Physiological functions in an organism are ongoing. The body parts take up space. Our understanding of physiology is changing more than our understanding of anatomy. | Physiological functions depend on anatomy of structures |
| An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n)__________. anatomist physiologist chemist biochemist | physiologist |
| A body has been sectioned in such a way that both lungs and the urinary bladder are visible. What type of section was used? Frontal Transverse Sagittal | Frontal |
| When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true? The head is facing to the front. The palms are facing backwards. The body is erect. The upper limbs are at the sides. | The palms are facing backwards |
| In negative feedback mechanisms, what occurs due to changes that move a variable away from the normal state? Stimulation to change the variable in the same direction. Inhibition of all body reactions. Stimulation to change the variable in the opposite direction. Stimulation to reduce all requirements of the body. | Stimulation to change the variable in the opposite direction |
| Ceroid pigments and lipofuscin accumulate with aging, impairing the ability of a cell to withstand the damaging effects of oxygen free radicals. True False | True |
| The ears are lateral to the eyes. True False | True |
| What requirement of life is the most abundant chemical in the body and is the major component of extracellular fluid? Water Oxygen Cell Heat Food | Water |
| Which of the following is not true of organelles? They carry on specific activities. They are only in cells of humans. They are composed of aggregates of large molecules. They are found in many types of cells. | They are only in cells of humans |
| The following list accurately represents levels of organization in the body from smallest to largest: nucleus → chromosome → liver cell→ liver epithelial tissue → liver→ digestive system True False | False |
| Macromolecules are built of atoms. True False | True |
| Bell's palsy results in the lack of stimulation to facial muscles, so they do not contact. Bell's palsy is associated with what organ system? Nervous system Endocrine system Skeletal system Integumentary system | Nervous system |
| The parietal pericardium is attached to the surface of the heart. True False | False |
| Pneumothorax (collapsed lung) is a condition that occurs when an air-filled space forms between the lung and the wall of the pleural cavity. This space would be between the __________. parietal pleura and visceral pleura parietal pleura and visceral pericardium visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium parietal pericardium and parietal pleura | parietal pleura and visceral pleura |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
garrisonjr84