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Chapter 8 Practice

QuestionAnswer
As you climb a tree, you put your thigh out to the side to rest your foot on a nearby branch. This thigh movement is adduction. You Answered True False False
A professional wrestler ends a match early due to severe pain and loss of function in their lower arm and hand. Upon examination by a doctor, a major tear is discovered in one of the ligaments of the elbow. Which of the following could be the torn ligament? The coracohumeral ligament. The transverse humeral ligament. The ulnar collateral ligament. The oblique popliteal ligament. The ulnar collateral ligament.
Joints can be classified as synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, or diarthrotic. What characteristic was used to classify the joints? Location of the joint in the body Composition of the joint Number of bones within the joint Degree of movement possible at the joint Degree of movement possible at the joint
Greg trips over a toy and experiences a sharp pain. His physician diagnoses a torn meniscus. What joint has Greg injured? Knee joint Elbow joint Shoulder joint Hip joint Knee joint
The intermediate radioulnar joint exists between the radius and the ulna. The two bones are joined together by a high-collagen sheet of dense connective tissue. This joint allows slight movements and flexibility between the two bones. What specific type of joint is this? A synovial plane joint. A fibrous syndesmotic joint. A cartilaginous synchondrosis joint. A cartilaginous symphysis joint. A fibrous syndesmotic joint.
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint. True False True
Rotation of the forearms so the palms face upward is called pronation. True False False
Which of the following are examples of types of fibrous joints? Synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints Syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints Synchondrosis, symphysis, and synovial joints Pivot, condylar, and ellipsoidal joints Syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints
The type of synovial joint in which only rotation may occur is a pivot joint. True False True
A meniscus cushions articulating surfaces of bones. True False True
Fibrous joints are the first to change with age. True False True
Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint? Coracoacromial ligament Coracohumeral ligament Glenohumeral ligament Humeral collateral ligament Humeral collateral ligament
What type of joint is between adjacent vertebral bodies? Symphysis that is amphiarthrotic. Symphysis that is synarthrotic. Symphysis that is diarthrotic. Synovial joint that is synarthrotic. Symphysis that is amphiarthrotic.
When you walk up the stairs, your hip and knee joints__________ to lift your body weight. rotate abduct adduct flex extend extend
The pubic symphysis is a fibrous joint. True False False
Disuse of the joints__________, which hastens stiffening. causes arthritis causes injuries hampers blood flow degenerates cartilage hampers blood flow
Most of the joints between the short bones in the ankle and wrist are__________ joints. hinge pivot plane condylar plane
Moving a part away from the midline is abduction. True False True
A joint that has bones with articulating surfaces that are both convex and concave is a saddle joint. True False True
What is a sprain? Inflammation of a bursa Overstretched or torn ligaments in a joint Dislocation of bones in a joint Overuse of a joint Overstretched or torn ligaments in a joint
The patellar ligament connects the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia. True False False
Supposed the ball-and-socket joint of the hip was replaced with a pivot joint in which the femur is directly planted into the acetabulum. What movement(s) is/are now the only one(s) possible? Abduction and adduction Rotation Flexion and extension Circumduction Rotation
A movement that brings the foot closer to the shin is__________ of the ankle joint. extension abduction plantar flexion dorsiflexion dorsiflexion
The elbow joint includes a hinge joint. True False True
A synchondrosis is a cartilaginous joint. True False True
Kicking a soccer ball involves flexion of the leg at the knee joint as the foot draws back, and then extension as it contacts the ball. True False True
A football player suffers from a partially torn anterior cruciate ligament. Which joint has been injured? Shoulder Elbow Hip Knee Knee
Closed, fluid-filled sacs that function as cushions are called bursae. True False True
A fibrous joint in which an interosseous ligament binds bones is a__________. synchondrosis syndesmosis gomphosis symphysis syndesmosis
The coracohumeral ligament is associated with the__________ joint. knee hip elbow shoulder shoulder
The act of closing the fingers to make a fist is an example of what type of joint movement at the interphalangeal joints? Extension Abduction Flexion Rotation Flexion
When doing a push-up, the elbow joint flexes as the person lowers their body. True False True
Arthritis is a circulatory problem. True False False
A patient has a condition in which collagen fibers are incorrectly manufactured and are non-functional. Which types of joints will be most heavily affected? Synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints Syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints Synchondrosis, symphysis, and synovial joints Pivot, condylar, and ellipsoidal joints Syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints
Which of the following are not considered to be a feature of a synovial joint? Muscles Sensory receptors Blood vessels Articular cartilage Synovial fluid Muscles
The fibrous joints between the flat bones of the skull are called sutures. True False True
Displacement of a joint is called__________. bursitis sprain dislocation arthritis dislocation
One example of a multiaxial joint is the__________ joint. proximal radioulnar metatarsophalangeal humeroulnar glenohumeral atlantoaxial glenohumeral
Fluid-filled sacs containing synovial fluid are called__________. bursae menisci ligaments tendons bursae
A suture is an example of a__________ joint. fibrous cartilaginous synovial plane fibrous
A gomphosis is a__________ joint. fibrous cartilaginous synovial synchondrosis fibrous
What is rheumatoid arthritis? A condition in which the synovial membrane becomes inflamed and thickened. An inflammation of synchondrosis joints. A condition in which ligaments break down, resulting in joints that become extremely loose. A natural degeneration of joints due to old age. A condition in which the synovial membrane becomes inflamed and thickened.
Which of the following is an infection? Osteoarthritis A sprain Bursitis Lyme disease Lyme disease
Osteoarthritis is caused by a bacterial infection. True False False
The largest and most complex synovial joint is the___________. hip knee elbow shoulder knee
A muscle end attached to a less movable or relatively fixed part is called the__________. symphysis articulation origin insertion origin
The hip joint allows a greater freedom of movement than the shoulder joint. True False False
Which of the following joints has a radial collateral ligament? Hip joint Shoulder joint Knee joint Elbow joint Elbow joint
What is the effect of activity and exercise on joints? It makes joints more vulnerable to injury. It hastens osteoarthritis. It keeps joints functioning longer. It increases joint stiffness. It keeps joints functioning longer.
Joints are also called__________. annotations articulations affectations affiliations articulations
The synovial membrane reabsorbs fluid and may help remove substances from an infected joint cavity. True False True
Fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments are called__________. menisci bursae tendons ligaments menisci
What does the synovial membrane secrete? Sweat Serous fluid Mucus Synovial fluid Synovial fluid
You drop your cell phone. You lean forward to pick it up. This movement is extension of the back. True False False
An athlete, after years of pitching, requires surgery to repair his glenohumeral ligaments. Which joint has been injured? Shoulder Elbow Hip Knee Shoulder
The basic structure of the knee joint permits flexion and extension. True False True
What is the source of oxygen and nutrients for articular cartilage? A direct blood supply Blood vessels in underlying spongy bone Surrounding synovial fluid Chondrocytes Surrounding synovial fluid
What connects bones together in a cartilaginous joint? Synovial fluid Fibrous connective tissue Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage A joint capsule Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
In craniosynostosis, the bones of the skull fuse together at the sutures prematurely, causing the brain to grow abnormally. Why would this cause abnormal brain growth? The sutures are amphiarthrotic and slightly move during brain growth, so the plates of the skull can easily move to suit any direction of brain growth. Fusion at the sutures will prevent this free movement.
What would happen if the synovial membrane could not secrete synovial fluid? The onset of arthritis would be slowed because synovial fluid generates friction within the joint capsule. Blood would not directly flow into the joint capsule to nourish cartilage. The cartilage contained within the capsule would not receive nutrients from synovial membrane blood vessels. New cartilage would not be generated because synovial fluid is a stimulant for cartilage production. The cartilage contained within the capsule would not receive nutrients from synovial membrane blood vessels.
A patient is experiencing joint inflammation and pain. They undergo an arthrocentesis and their physician discovers cloudy, pus-filled synovial fluid. Which of these conditions is most likely occurring? Osteoarthritis A sprain Bacterial joint infection Gout Bacterial joint infection
You turn your head to look at something over your shoulder. This is an example of__________ of the head. retraction abduction circumduction rotation rotation
Suppose all synarthrotic joints were fused in an individual. Which of the following would be true of this individual? The person would not be able to flex their fingers and grasp objects. Braces would not work to straighten the person’s teeth because their teeth would not move. The person would not be able to bend forward because their vertebral column would be fused. Head-turning would be impossible because the atlas and axis would be fused. Braces would not work to straighten the person’s teeth because their teeth would not move.
Movement at a synovial joint occurs due to skeletal muscle contraction. True False True
Which of the following best describes the causes of common forms of arthritis? Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are caused by effects of aging. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging. Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by effects of aging and osteoarthritis is an autoimmune disease. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging.
As you are cooking, you accidentally touch the burner of the stove. You pull your hand away by contracting muscles in your arm to pull your forearm toward the arm. This movement is flexion of the forearm. True False True
What materials are used to build artificial joints? Glucosamine and chondroitin Silicone polymers for small joints and metals for large joints Silicone polymers for large joints and metals for small joints Proteins for small joints and carbohydrates for large joints Silicone polymers for small joints and metals for large joints
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is composed of the upper condyle of the mandible and a fossa in the temporal bone. These two surfaces exist in a capsule and are surrounded by a thin membrane that secretes a lubricating fluid. This means that the TMJ is a fibrous joint. True False False
What type of joint is immovable? Suture Hinge joint Ball-and-socket joint Saddle joint Synovial joint Suture
What reinforces a joint capsule? Adipose tissue within the surrounding spaces Articular cartilage cushioning ends of bones Ligaments binding articular ends of bones together Hyaline cartilage providing strength to the capsule walls Ligaments binding articular ends of bones together
A ball-and-socket joint is also called an ellipsoidal joint. True False False
A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a__________ . synchondrosis syndesmosis gomphosis synovial joint gomphosis
The degenerative joint disease osteoarthritis may develop as a result of damage to the__________. articular cartilage diaphysis epiphyseal plate periosteum medullary cavity articular cartilage
What do sutures, gomphosis, and syndesmoses have in common? These are joints found only in the appendicular skeleton. These are joints found only in the axial skeleton. These are all bony joints. These are all fibrous joints. These are cartilaginous joints. These are all fibrous joints.
Movement that brings the foot and toes farther from the shin is__________ of the ankle joint. plantar flexion hyperextension rotation dorsiflexion plantar flexion
A condylar joint allows only up-and-down motion in one plane. True False False
Synovial fluid moistens and lubricates the cartilaginous surfaces in a joint. True False True
Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint? Syndesmosis Coronal suture Gomphosis Symphysis Symphysis
Which of the following correctly pairs a term with its definition? Extension—bending the leg at the knee to bring the heel closer to the buttocks Abduction—lifting the arm out to the side of the body so that it is parallel to the ground Flexion—bringing the arm from overhead back down to the side of the body Adduction—moving the arm forward so its is in front of the body Abduction—lifting the arm out to the side of the body so that it is parallel to the ground
Which of the following is not a synovial joint? Condylar Ball-and-socket Hinge Symphysis Symphysis
Bones of a synovial joint are held together by__________. a synovial membrane a joint capsule a meniscus articular cartilage a joint capsule
Your friend trips and you put your hand out to help them up. In the process, you rotate your forearm so that your palm faces upward. This forearm movement is supination. True False True
What is the function of a synchondrosis? To allow for bone growth To equalize pressure between vertebrae To protect soft tissue To allow for large range of motion To allow for bone growth
What movements are permitted by the elbow joint located between the humerus and the ulna? Adduction, flexion, and extension Movement in any plane Flexion and extension Rotation and circumduction Flexion and extension
 



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