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Physics Ch. 12

QuestionAnswer
What is a periodic motion? Give examples. A repeated motion. Anything with motion back and forth over the same path. Ex- a pendulum, a wave, springs.
At the equilibrium position, velocity reaches... A maximum.
At the maximum displacement, spring force and acceleration reach... A maximum.
At the maximum displacement, the velocity reaches... Zero.
Positive or negative displacement depends on what? X or Y direction.
Define simple harmonic motion. Vibration about an equilibrium position in which a restoring force is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium.
What did Robert Hooke find in relation to mass-spring systems? Most follow the relationship of simple harmonic motion.
The higher the spring constant, the ______ the spring. Stiffer.
Force is always _______ of the spring movement. Opposite.
What does a stretched or compressed spring have? Elastic potential energy.
Gravitational potential energy increases as a pendulum's displacement _______. Increases.
Define amplitude. The maximum displacement from equilibrium.
Define period. The time it takes to execute a complete cycle of motion.
Define frequency. The number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time.
What is the SI unit for amplitude? Radians or meters.
What is the SI unit for period, T? Seconds.
What is the SI unit for frequency, f? Hertz.
What is a hertz equal to? 1/sec.
Define the relationship between frequency and period. f=1/T -or- T=1/f
Define a medium. The material through which a disturbance travels.
What are mechanical waves? Waves that require a medium. Ex. sound waves, earth vs. space
What waves do not require a medium? Electromagnetic waves. ex. visible lights, x-rays
Define a pulse wave. Single traveling pulse. ex. thunder, explosions
Define a sine wave. A wave whose source vibrates with simple harmonic motion.
Define a transverse wave. A wave whose particles vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of wave motion.
Define a longitudinal wave. A wave whose particles vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion.
Waves transfer energy by... What does the amount of energy depend on? Transferring the motion of matter. -The amplitude of the waves.
Define constructive interference. Interference in which individual displacements on the same side of the equilibrium position are added together to form the resultant wave.
Define destructive interference. Interference in which individual displacements on opposite sides of the equilibrium position are added together to form the resultant wave.
Define a standing wave. A wave pattern that results when two waves of the same frequency, wavelength, and amplitude travel in opposite directions and interfere.
What will standing waves produce? Nodes and anti-nodes.
Define nodes. The wave undergoes complete destructive interference.
Define anti-nodes. Halfway between two nodes and have the highest amplitude.
What do we know about the relation between nodes and anti-nodes? There will always be one more node than antinode.
Time of the oscillation depends on what for a mass-spring system? -Mass. -Spring Constant.
Where is kinetic energy maximized on on a pendulum? The lowest point.
Where is kinetic energy maximized on on a mass-spring system? At the equilibrium position.
Give some examples of simple harmonic motion. Pendulum, motion of a spring, swing in the park, spring-mass system.
Created by: OliviaRoark
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