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SCIENCE
1/2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atoms | Atoms are the smallest particle of an element. |
| Electron shell numbers | 2,8,8 ... |
| Physical Change: | Happen when somethings changed but not created a new substance. They're usually reversible. For example, melting ice can be refrozen. Cutting cloth. Shape, size, state, |
| Chemical Change: | Reaction that changes particles of 2/more particles to make atleast one new substance. Chemical changes are often irreversible. Smell, colour, gas, sound heat &light. |
| Valency | the number of atoms of a particular element that is combined with one atom of another element to form a molecule |
| Exothermic reactions | EXpands/releases heat. Energy increases. Rusting iron, settling, chemical bonds, explosions. |
| Endothermic reactions | Absorbs heat. Energy decreases. Melting ice, evaporation, cooking. |
| Combustion = | A chemical reaction where substance combines with oxygen, producing a heat, light or flame. |
| Decomposition reaction | Reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. |
| Corrosion | When metals exposed to air and moisture, creating colour change. Occurs when atoms oxidise |
| Acids | Solution that has an excess of Hydrogen “ions”. E.g; vinegar, citrus Any substance with pH less than 7 when aquious. |
| Bases | Solution that has an excess of Hydroxide “ions”. Any substance with a pH grater than 7 when aquious. |
| PH scale; 0=highest or lowest? 14 = highest or lowest? | 0 = high e.g hydrochloric acid 14 = low e.g drain cleaner |
| Whats neutral on th Ph scale? | 7 |
| Chemical decomposition= | Chemical breakdown |
| protons - neutrons - electrons - | Positive subatomic particles found in nucleus of atom Neutral subatomic particles found in nucleus of atom Negative subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutralisation = | Stop it from having an effect. Acids and bases are able to neutralise each other. |
| Precipitate = | Solid that forms as the result of a chemical reaction in aqueous solution. |
| Collision theory = | The process where atoms collide with eachother in order to form a reaction |
| Corrosion = | Natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide. A type of corrosion is rusting |
| Compound = | Substance made from two different elements joined together. |
| ION = | When atom loses or gains electrons !!! (not atom anymore but its an ION) |
| ISOTOPES = | Element with same no. protons, not same no. neutrons. |
| Group 1 elements (Li, Na, K) . Called the | ALKALINE METALS (+1 charge) |
| Group 2 elements (Be, Mg, Ca) are called the | ALKALINE EARTH METALS. (+2 charge) |
| Group 7 elements (F, Cl, Br, I) are called the . | HALOGENS (-1 charge) |
| Group 8 elements (He, Ne, Ar) are called the | INERT GASSES or NOBLE GASSES (full outer electron orbit and so do not react with other elements.) |
| Mixtures | 2 or more substances NOT chemically combined together (no reacting together). |
| Molecules | Two or more atoms chemically bond together. (Can have diff elements) |
| If a molecule includes more than one element, what is it called? | Compound |
| Measuring pH through? | Indicator and pH scale |
| Universal Indicator UI | Chemical dye which changes colour. |
| How to prevent corrosion: | Protective Coatings/Insulators: Applying a protective coating, such as paint, enamel, or plating, can prevent direct exposure of the metal to corrosive substances in the environment. |
Created by:
AcelyaP