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EXAM US GOV
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The supreme power of a state to act within its territory and have absolute authority over its internal and external affairs? | Sovereignty |
| Which theory holds that the first governments formed as a result of people agreeing among themselves to submit to the authority of a state? | Social Contract Theory |
| What are the characteristics of the state? | Population and Sovereignty |
| Which of the following is another name for the term general welfare? | (Public Good) |
| Which principle of American democracy is at work when 2 opposing groups relax some of their demands in an attempt to reach an agreement? | (compromise) |
| Which of the following is a basic function of government? | (ensuring National security) |
| What is a central feature of free enterprise? | (People make their own economic choices on how to produce, exchange, and distribute goods) |
| True or False: Thomas Hobbes argued in Leviathan that the state was powerful because it represented the collective power given up by the people. | (True) |
| A key principle of American democracy is that | (Majority rules, but the rights of the minority are protected) |
| Which philosopher stated that any violation of the people’s natural rights was grounds for the people to rebel? | (John Locke) |
| This intellectual helped formulate the first set of theories which asserted the necessity of a state to prevent anarchy following the series of conflicts known as the English Civil War from 1642-1651. | (Thomas Hobbs) |
| This intellectual was a member of the Noble of the Robes in France and wrote on the necessity of creating independent branches of government in order to help prevent an individual or group from wielding absolute state power. | (Baron de Montesquieu) |
| These are a set of inherent liberties & protections granted to all people upon birth. | natural rights |
| This was the idea that, in order to avoid absolutist tyranny, the powers of the state should be divided amongst executive, legislative, and judicial branches. | (separation of powers) |
| The 1651 book which asserted that human beings are selfish and aggressive, thus necessitating the existence of a sovereign authority (state) at the cost of specific, pre-determined liberties in order to stave off anarchy. | Leviathan |
| This was the concept that the state was dependent upon the compliance of the populace, and, furthermore, that the populace is obligated to reform or replace state that fail to protect basic individual rights. | (consent of the governed) |
| The official explanation and statement of separation from the British Empire, including the Grievances of the colonies against the British Crown. | (Declaration of Independence) |
| The current government of the United States of America, ratified in 1789. | U.S. Constitution |
| The name given by historians for individuals who supported a stronger national government during and after the Convention in 1787. | Federalists |
| The name given by historians for individuals who opposed the ratification of the new government without promises of explicit protections of rights—particularly individual & economic rights in the face of a strong judiciary. | Antifederalists |
| This is the ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act or law from the Congress, U.S. President, states, and lower courts unconstitutional and, thus, voided. | (Judicial Review) |
| Amendment that, among other things, guarantees protection against censorship before publication (prior restraint). | (1st Amendment) |
| Amendment that, among other things, guarantees you will receive a speedy trial and have a right to legal counsel; furthermore, that trial will be public and the judgement made by an impartial jury of peers. | (6th Amendment) |
| Amendment that reserves all powers not given to the national government for the states; examples include education, the formation of local governments, etc. | 10th Amendment |
| Amendment that asserts individual rights are not limited to those specifically enumerated in the U.S. Constitution; one example is the right to privacy, as decided by the Supreme Court. | (9th Amendment) |
| Strict constructionist- | interpreting the Constitution with a literal stance |
| Loose constructionist- | Interpreting the Constitution with a broad stance or reading as a whole |
| Federalism- | Division of power between the national and state governments |
| rule of law- | concept that every member of society, including the ruler or government must obey the law and is never above it. |
| electoral college- | the body of electors from the 50 states and the District of Columbia |
| Popular sovereignty- | concept that government gets authority from the people and ultimate political power comes from the people |
| checks and balances- | system that gives each branch of government power to change or cancel acts of another branch |
| In the Constitution, where would the broad goals be introduced? | Preamble |
| What happens if the U.S. Supreme Court find a law to be unconstitutional? | Considered null and void |
| Which principle of government found in the Constitution and civil society act to constrain the power of the government? | Limited government |
| What is the meaning of the Supremacy clause? | If federal & state laws conflict, then fed. Laws take precedence |
| Define federal mandates- | requirements imposed by the federal government as a condition for receiving money |
| The system for sharing power between national and state governments is called | federalism |
| Powers that are not mentioned in the Constitution but are historically understood as essential to all governments that conduct the business of a sovereign nation. | Inherent |
| The 10th Amendment leaves___________________powers to the states. | reserved |
| Under the doctrine of______________________- a state has the right to withdraw from the Union. | secession |
| The power of the federal government to regulate interstate crime. | Implied |
| What was the federal law that outlawed monopolies in order to preserve competition? | Sherman Anti-trust Act |
| What is the doctrine of nullification? | Doctrine that states can refuse to obey or enforce federal laws with which they disagree |
| True/False: The power to establish the Internal Revenue Service is an implied power of Congress. | True |
| What are civil liberties? | Basic freedoms to think and act that are protected and that all people have |
| What is prior restraint? | Government actions that seeks to prevent materials from being published |
| Legal authority to search a private property is called | search warrant |
| Roe v. Wade involved the right to | privacy |
| What is symbolic speech? | Communication of ideas through symbols and actions |
| means following established and complete legal procedures. | Due process |
| Defamation in print is called | libel |
| The rule that evidence obtained illegally may not be used against a person in court is known as the | exclusionary rule |
| list of certain constitutional rights possessed by those accused of crimes. | Miranda warnings |
| Idea that much of the Bill of Rights has been merged into the Fourteenth Amendment is called the | Incorporation doctrine. |
| What is a requirement for naturalization? | Living lawfully in the U.S. for a continuous period of time |
| What is a person called if they live in a country without a government’s permission? | Undocumented alien |
| Which Reconstruction Amendment or law gave African Americans equal access to public places? | (Civil Rights Act of 1875) |
| A tax on voting is called poll tax and is considered unconstitutional under the______________ Amendment. | 24th |
| The_________Amendment says that states may not deny “the equal protection of the laws” to anyone. | 14th |
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