Question 1

Subjects read the following list of words: mad, fear, rage, hatred, emotion, mean subjects are asked to recall as many words as possible from the list. the subjects say that “anger” was one of the words although it was not included in the list.

Accepted Answer

associative priming

Question 2

Requiring psychology students enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs to participate in individual or group therapy may be acceptable if:

Accepted Answer

students are allowed to select providers from mental health professionals not affiliated with the program.

Question 3

The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (NESARC-III) found that, among respondents with major depressive disorder, the largest percentage reported having had which of the following during their lifetimes?

Accepted Answer

alcohol use disorder

Question 4

The ASPPB’s E.Passport is one of the requirements for:

Accepted Answer

providing telepsychology to a client who is in another jurisdiction.

Question 5

Research has provided evidence for the effectiveness of voucher-based reinforcement therapy (VBRT) and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for treating patients with cocaine use disorder. More specifically, the studies have found that:

Accepted Answer

VBRT is most effective for promoting initial abstinence and CBT is most effective for preventing relapse.

Question 6

Because of their location and size, the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex are the lobes that are most often affected by traumatic brain injury. Symptoms of frontal lobe injury are most likely to include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

inability to interact spontaneously with others, fluctuations in mood, and difficulty planning a complex sequence of movements

Question 7

Prosopagnosia (face blindness) is best described as involving:

Accepted Answer

intact bottom-up processing with a lack of top-down processing

Question 8

As the result of a stroke, a 74-year-old woman experiences complete paralysis on the right side of her body. This is referred to as __________ and is due to damage in the __________ side of the woman’s brain.

Accepted Answer

hemiplegia; left

Question 9

Which of the following best describes ethical guidelines for using obsolete tests and test results?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists may use obsolete tests and test results in certain circumstances

Question 10

Research on which of the following has found that people tend to hate losses about twice as much as they enjoy gains?

Accepted Answer

loss aversion

Question 11

Research has linked ADHD to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

smaller-than-normal caudate nucleus, putamen, and amygdala

Question 12

You have been seeing Betsy B., age 49, in therapy via videoconferencing for five months when she tells you she is moving to another state but would like to continue therapy with you. You are not licensed in the state Betsy is moving to. You tell Betsy:

Accepted Answer

you can continue seeing her in therapy via videoconferencing after she moves to another state only if your state and the state she is moving to are PSYPACT states or that state’s law permits you to do so

Question 13

The use of banding to assist with hiring decisions is based on the assumption that:

Accepted Answer

small differences in selection test scores are not necessarily associated with meaningful differences in job performance.

Question 14

Terror management theory (TMT) predicts that increasing the salience of mortality:

Accepted Answer

increases a person’s positive attitudes toward in-group members and negative attitudes toward out-group members.

Question 15

The insufficient top-down control hypothesis predicts that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is due to reduced connectivity between the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and:

Accepted Answer

anterior cingulate cortex

Question 16

Fairchild and colleagues (2008) compared groups of male adolescents with childhood-onset or adolescence-onset conduct disorder to a control group of adolescents without a psychiatric disorder and found that youth in both conduct disorder groups:

Accepted Answer

were hyporeactive in terms of cortisol and cardiovascular responses to stress when compared to controls.

Question 17

Use of utility analysis to evaluate the usefulness of a newly developed test for selecting job applicants provides an estimate of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

the monetary gain that can be expected when the test is used to make hiring decisions

Question 18

At the request of the editor of a professional journal a psychologist is impressed with the research and wants to apply  the  ideas and procedures presented in the paper to the research In this situation, the psychologist (reviewer)

Accepted Answer

cannot use the unique ideas and procedures in his own research unless he obtains permission from the paper’s authors to do so.

Question 19

student says her seizure feel like she’s on a roller coaster and a  sense of fear. She never remembers what happens but has been told her that she’s very “fidgety” and makes smacking noises with her lips. These symptoms suggest

Accepted Answer

temporal lobe seizures

Question 20

Priming is a method for studying implicit memory, and there are several types of priming.

Accepted Answer

implicit memory

Question 21

The word-stem and word-fragment completion tasks and other tasks that assess repetition priming are measures of:

Accepted Answer

implicit memory

Question 22

One type is repetition priming, which occurs when presentation of a word or object facilitates later identification of that word or object in a different format or context.

Accepted Answer

implicit memory

Question 23

A company uses the salary history of job applicants to determine the wages offered even though this practice results applicants belonging to racial/ethnic minority groups being offered lower wages than wages offered to White applicants this is an example

Accepted Answer

institutional racism.

Question 24

to covert and overt policies, procedures, and operations of public or private institutions, organizations, and companies that disadvantage members of racial/ethnic minority groups.

Accepted Answer

Institutional racism

Question 25

embedded in systems and structures (e.g., laws, rules, ideologies, societal norms) that create and perpetuate inequities for members of racial/ethnic minority groups.

Accepted Answer

Structural racism

Question 26

Based on the results of their meta-analysis of research on the efficacy and safety of St. John’s wort extract for people with mild to moderate depression, Cui and Zheng (2016) concluded that St. John’s wort:

Accepted Answer

is not significantly different from SSRIs in terms of treatment response and has a lower rate of adverse events

Question 27

Which of the following is likely to produce the largest reliability coefficient for a newly developed achievement test?

Accepted Answer

unrestricted range of scores and homogeneous content of test items

Question 28

Dittmar, Bond, Hurst, and Kasser’s (2014) meta-analysis of the research found that there is

Accepted Answer

negative relationship between materialism and well-being with higher levels of materialism being associated with lower levels of well-being.

Question 29

Use of the ________ heuristic tends to intensify a person’s emotional reaction to a negative event that has already occurred

Accepted Answer

simulation

Question 30

THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) produces its reinforcing effects by increasing dopamine concentrations in the:

Accepted Answer

nucleus accumbens.

Question 31

atypical parkinsonism does not respond well to treatment with levodopa or DBS.

Accepted Answer

atypical parkinsonism

Question 32

DBS is a surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia (especially primary dystonia) that involves implanting a device that sends electrical signals to areas in the brain that control movement.

Accepted Answer

Current indications for deep brain stimulation (DBS) include all

Question 33

Community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT) he primary goals of CRAFT include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

CRAFT is  family therapy in which therapists work  with a CSO rather than with the IP

Question 34

There is evidence that spatial working memory depends on interactions between the:

Accepted Answer

prefrontal cortex and hippocampus

Question 35

Community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT) he primary goals of CRAFT are

Accepted Answer

three primary goals: (a) helping the CSO influence the IP to seek substance-use treatment, (b) teaching the CSO procedures to help reduce the IP’s substance use, and (c) helping the CSO make positive life changes that improve the CSO’s quality of life.

Question 36

Which of the following scales of measurement allows you to conclude that the difference between the scores of 50 and 51 on a test is equal to the difference between the scores of 90 and 91 on the same test?

Accepted Answer

interval and ratio

Question 37

The goal of APA accreditation is best described as:

Accepted Answer

protecting the wellbeing of the public and the interests of students.

Question 38

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to test models of the relationships among:

Accepted Answer

observed and latent variables.

Question 39

Harrington and Gelfand’s (2014) research investigating the relationship between cultural tightness-looseness and personality traits in the United States found that:

Accepted Answer

people in tight cultures exhibit greater conscientiousness and less openness relative to people in loose cultures.

Question 40

Scarr and McCartney (1983) distinguish between three gene-environment correlations. Niche-picking is another name for which of these correlations?

Accepted Answer

active genotype-environment

Question 41

man leaves his home in a rural town and travels by bus to a nearby city. When he arrives at the city, he is unable to recall any details of his life including his name or where he lives. The man’s symptoms are most characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

dissociative fugue.

Question 42

In a normal distribution, a T-score of ___ is equivalent to a percentile rank of: 84

Accepted Answer

60

Question 43

The reliable change index (RCI) is useful for determining if a change in a client’s scores on an outcome measure administered before and after the client receives treatment is:

Accepted Answer

attributable to measurement error.

Question 44

The Stroop Color and Word Test is most useful for assessing:

Accepted Answer

selective attention and response inhibition in children with ADHD.

Question 45

Studies have confirmed that patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) have a high rate of comorbid psychiatric disorders found a high prevalence rate of several disorders in their sample of patients with CHD, with

Accepted Answer

major depressive having the highest prevalence rate

Question 46

compared the MMPI-2 L, K, and F scale scores of two groups of mothers undergoing child custody evaluations. They found that, mothers exhibiting PAS were more likely to obtain:

Accepted Answer

significantly higher L and K scale scores and significantly lower F scale scores.

Question 47

__________ validity refers to the extent to which research results are generalizable to other people, settings, and times.

Accepted Answer

External

Question 48

You would use stepwise multiple regression when you want to:

Accepted Answer

identify the fewest number of predictors needed to make accurate predictions about scores on a criterion

Question 49

Which of the following best describes the variables included in a structural equation model?

Accepted Answer

Latent variables cannot be observed directly, and their influence is inferred from indicator variables.

Question 50

The most likely side effects of buspirone (BuSpar) include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, nervousness, blurred vision, and trouble sleeping

Question 51

Open access is most consistent with which of the following General Principles contained in the APA’s Ethics Code?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Question 52

A practitioner of Minuchin’s structural family therapy is most likely to say that detouring is occurring when:

Accepted Answer

parents avoid their own conflicts by scapegoating or overprotecting a child.

Question 53

When people are unable to end their cognitive dissonance by replacing or subtracting the dissonant cognition or adding a consonant cognition, they will most likely:

Accepted Answer

decrease the importance of the dissonant cognition.

Question 54

In the context of diagnostic efficiency, prevalence refers to how common a disorder is in a particular population at a particular point in time, and its magnitude affects a test’s positive and negative predictive values. When the prevalence increases:

Accepted Answer

the positive predictive value increases and the negative predictive value decreases.

Question 55

When a predictor has a criterion-related validity coefficient of _____, this means that 64% of variability in scores on the criterion is explained by variability in scores on the predictor.

Accepted Answer

.80

Question 56

When a forensic psychologist is hired to conduct a psychological evaluation of a defendant in a criminal case, the “client” is:

Accepted Answer

the person/entity that retained the psychologist.

Question 57

Overexpression of the ________ gene on chromosome 21 has been identified as the link between standard trisomy 21 and early-onset Alzheimer’s disease.

Accepted Answer

APP

Question 58

As described by Baddeley (2000), the phonological loop:

Accepted Answer

temporarily stores auditory information.

Question 59

According to the 4D model of appreciative inquiry, the first stage in organizational change is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

discover

Question 60

Phenylketonuria (PKU) occurs in individuals who are:

Accepted Answer

homozygous for a recessive allele.

Question 61

Studies comparing transdiagnostic psychological treatments with diagnosis-specific psychological treatments for adult anxiety and depression have generally found that transdiagnostic treatments:

Accepted Answer

are as effective or more effective than diagnosis-specific treatments for anxiety and depression.

Question 62

psychologist is conducting research to evaluate a treatment for children, who have received a diagnosis of bipolar disorder with comorbid symptoms of acute stress disorder, the psychologist must obtain consent from the child’s legal guardian(s) and:

Accepted Answer

assent from the child unless assent is waived on capacity grounds or grounds of direct benefit to the child.

Question 63

Research on gender segregation has found that most children begin to prefer same-sex playmates between:

Accepted Answer

2 and 3 years of age with girls showing a preference earlier than boys do.

Question 64

Adorno’s F Scale measures traits and tendencies that are associated with:

Accepted Answer

authoritarianism.

Question	Answer
Subjects read the following list of words: mad, fear, rage, hatred, emotion, mean subjects are asked to recall as many words as possible from the list. the subjects say that “anger” was one of the words although it was not included in the list.	associative priming
Requiring psychology students enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs to participate in individual or group therapy may be acceptable if:	students are allowed to select providers from mental health professionals not affiliated with the program.
The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (NESARC-III) found that, among respondents with major depressive disorder, the largest percentage reported having had which of the following during their lifetimes?	alcohol use disorder
The ASPPB’s E.Passport is one of the requirements for:	providing telepsychology to a client who is in another jurisdiction.
Research has provided evidence for the effectiveness of voucher-based reinforcement therapy (VBRT) and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for treating patients with cocaine use disorder. More specifically, the studies have found that:	VBRT is most effective for promoting initial abstinence and CBT is most effective for preventing relapse.
Because of their location and size, the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex are the lobes that are most often affected by traumatic brain injury. Symptoms of frontal lobe injury are most likely to include which of the following?	inability to interact spontaneously with others, fluctuations in mood, and difficulty planning a complex sequence of movements
Prosopagnosia (face blindness) is best described as involving:	intact bottom-up processing with a lack of top-down processing
As the result of a stroke, a 74-year-old woman experiences complete paralysis on the right side of her body. This is referred to as __________ and is due to damage in the __________ side of the woman’s brain.	hemiplegia; left
Which of the following best describes ethical guidelines for using obsolete tests and test results?	Psychologists may use obsolete tests and test results in certain circumstances
Research on which of the following has found that people tend to hate losses about twice as much as they enjoy gains?	loss aversion
Research has linked ADHD to which of the following?	smaller-than-normal caudate nucleus, putamen, and amygdala
You have been seeing Betsy B., age 49, in therapy via videoconferencing for five months when she tells you she is moving to another state but would like to continue therapy with you. You are not licensed in the state Betsy is moving to. You tell Betsy:	you can continue seeing her in therapy via videoconferencing after she moves to another state only if your state and the state she is moving to are PSYPACT states or that state’s law permits you to do so
The use of banding to assist with hiring decisions is based on the assumption that:	small differences in selection test scores are not necessarily associated with meaningful differences in job performance.
Terror management theory (TMT) predicts that increasing the salience of mortality:	increases a person’s positive attitudes toward in-group members and negative attitudes toward out-group members.
The insufficient top-down control hypothesis predicts that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is due to reduced connectivity between the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and:	anterior cingulate cortex
Fairchild and colleagues (2008) compared groups of male adolescents with childhood-onset or adolescence-onset conduct disorder to a control group of adolescents without a psychiatric disorder and found that youth in both conduct disorder groups:	were hyporeactive in terms of cortisol and cardiovascular responses to stress when compared to controls.
Use of utility analysis to evaluate the usefulness of a newly developed test for selecting job applicants provides an estimate of which of the following?	the monetary gain that can be expected when the test is used to make hiring decisions
At the request of the editor of a professional journal a psychologist is impressed with the research and wants to apply the ideas and procedures presented in the paper to the research In this situation, the psychologist (reviewer)	cannot use the unique ideas and procedures in his own research unless he obtains permission from the paper’s authors to do so.
student says her seizure feel like she’s on a roller coaster and a sense of fear. She never remembers what happens but has been told her that she’s very “fidgety” and makes smacking noises with her lips. These symptoms suggest	temporal lobe seizures
Priming is a method for studying implicit memory, and there are several types of priming.	implicit memory
The word-stem and word-fragment completion tasks and other tasks that assess repetition priming are measures of:	implicit memory
One type is repetition priming, which occurs when presentation of a word or object facilitates later identification of that word or object in a different format or context.	implicit memory
A company uses the salary history of job applicants to determine the wages offered even though this practice results applicants belonging to racial/ethnic minority groups being offered lower wages than wages offered to White applicants this is an example	institutional racism.
to covert and overt policies, procedures, and operations of public or private institutions, organizations, and companies that disadvantage members of racial/ethnic minority groups.	Institutional racism
embedded in systems and structures (e.g., laws, rules, ideologies, societal norms) that create and perpetuate inequities for members of racial/ethnic minority groups.	Structural racism
Based on the results of their meta-analysis of research on the efficacy and safety of St. John’s wort extract for people with mild to moderate depression, Cui and Zheng (2016) concluded that St. John’s wort:	is not significantly different from SSRIs in terms of treatment response and has a lower rate of adverse events
Which of the following is likely to produce the largest reliability coefficient for a newly developed achievement test?	unrestricted range of scores and homogeneous content of test items
Dittmar, Bond, Hurst, and Kasser’s (2014) meta-analysis of the research found that there is	negative relationship between materialism and well-being with higher levels of materialism being associated with lower levels of well-being.
Use of the ________ heuristic tends to intensify a person’s emotional reaction to a negative event that has already occurred	simulation
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) produces its reinforcing effects by increasing dopamine concentrations in the:	nucleus accumbens.
atypical parkinsonism does not respond well to treatment with levodopa or DBS.	atypical parkinsonism
DBS is a surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia (especially primary dystonia) that involves implanting a device that sends electrical signals to areas in the brain that control movement.	Current indications for deep brain stimulation (DBS) include all
Community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT) he primary goals of CRAFT include all of the following except:	CRAFT is family therapy in which therapists work with a CSO rather than with the IP
There is evidence that spatial working memory depends on interactions between the:	prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
Community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT) he primary goals of CRAFT are	three primary goals: (a) helping the CSO influence the IP to seek substance-use treatment, (b) teaching the CSO procedures to help reduce the IP’s substance use, and (c) helping the CSO make positive life changes that improve the CSO’s quality of life.
Which of the following scales of measurement allows you to conclude that the difference between the scores of 50 and 51 on a test is equal to the difference between the scores of 90 and 91 on the same test?	interval and ratio
The goal of APA accreditation is best described as:	protecting the wellbeing of the public and the interests of students.
Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to test models of the relationships among:	observed and latent variables.
Harrington and Gelfand’s (2014) research investigating the relationship between cultural tightness-looseness and personality traits in the United States found that:	people in tight cultures exhibit greater conscientiousness and less openness relative to people in loose cultures.
Scarr and McCartney (1983) distinguish between three gene-environment correlations. Niche-picking is another name for which of these correlations?	active genotype-environment
man leaves his home in a rural town and travels by bus to a nearby city. When he arrives at the city, he is unable to recall any details of his life including his name or where he lives. The man’s symptoms are most characteristic of:	dissociative fugue.
In a normal distribution, a T-score of ___ is equivalent to a percentile rank of: 84	60
The reliable change index (RCI) is useful for determining if a change in a client’s scores on an outcome measure administered before and after the client receives treatment is:	attributable to measurement error.
The Stroop Color and Word Test is most useful for assessing:	selective attention and response inhibition in children with ADHD.
Studies have confirmed that patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) have a high rate of comorbid psychiatric disorders found a high prevalence rate of several disorders in their sample of patients with CHD, with	major depressive having the highest prevalence rate
compared the MMPI-2 L, K, and F scale scores of two groups of mothers undergoing child custody evaluations. They found that, mothers exhibiting PAS were more likely to obtain:	significantly higher L and K scale scores and significantly lower F scale scores.
__________ validity refers to the extent to which research results are generalizable to other people, settings, and times.	External
You would use stepwise multiple regression when you want to:	identify the fewest number of predictors needed to make accurate predictions about scores on a criterion
Which of the following best describes the variables included in a structural equation model?	Latent variables cannot be observed directly, and their influence is inferred from indicator variables.
The most likely side effects of buspirone (BuSpar) include which of the following?	dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, nervousness, blurred vision, and trouble sleeping
Open access is most consistent with which of the following General Principles contained in the APA’s Ethics Code?	Justice
A practitioner of Minuchin’s structural family therapy is most likely to say that detouring is occurring when:	parents avoid their own conflicts by scapegoating or overprotecting a child.
When people are unable to end their cognitive dissonance by replacing or subtracting the dissonant cognition or adding a consonant cognition, they will most likely:	decrease the importance of the dissonant cognition.
In the context of diagnostic efficiency, prevalence refers to how common a disorder is in a particular population at a particular point in time, and its magnitude affects a test’s positive and negative predictive values. When the prevalence increases:	the positive predictive value increases and the negative predictive value decreases.
When a predictor has a criterion-related validity coefficient of _____, this means that 64% of variability in scores on the criterion is explained by variability in scores on the predictor.	.80
When a forensic psychologist is hired to conduct a psychological evaluation of a defendant in a criminal case, the “client” is:	the person/entity that retained the psychologist.
Overexpression of the ________ gene on chromosome 21 has been identified as the link between standard trisomy 21 and early-onset Alzheimer’s disease.	APP
As described by Baddeley (2000), the phonological loop:	temporarily stores auditory information.
According to the 4D model of appreciative inquiry, the first stage in organizational change is which of the following?	discover
Phenylketonuria (PKU) occurs in individuals who are:	homozygous for a recessive allele.
Studies comparing transdiagnostic psychological treatments with diagnosis-specific psychological treatments for adult anxiety and depression have generally found that transdiagnostic treatments:	are as effective or more effective than diagnosis-specific treatments for anxiety and depression.
psychologist is conducting research to evaluate a treatment for children, who have received a diagnosis of bipolar disorder with comorbid symptoms of acute stress disorder, the psychologist must obtain consent from the child’s legal guardian(s) and:	assent from the child unless assent is waived on capacity grounds or grounds of direct benefit to the child.
Research on gender segregation has found that most children begin to prefer same-sex playmates between:	2 and 3 years of age with girls showing a preference earlier than boys do.
Adorno’s F Scale measures traits and tendencies that are associated with:	authoritarianism.
When conducting a factor analysis, a researcher would rotate the initial factor matrix to:	obtain a factor matrix that is easier to interpret.
Instrumental aggression usually first appears in children by the time they are ____ of age and then peaks at _____ of age.	1 year; 2 years
Which of the following best describes the results of research investigating the effectiveness of olanzapine (an atypical antipsychotic) and fluoxetine (an SSRI antidepressant) as treatments for anorexia nervosa?	Studies have produced mixed results about the effectiveness of olanzapine as a treatment for fostering initial weight gain and fluoxetine as a treatment for weight maintenance.
an evidence-based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa that takes an agnostic view and consists of– parental control of the adolescent’s eating, gradual return of control to the adolescent, and establishing age-appropriate independence	family-based treatment
The mother of a 5-year-old boy yells at him whenever he misbehaves. The boy figures out that, if he says “I love you” to his mother she will stop yelling. For the boy, continuing to say “I love you” to his mother when she yells at him is the result of:	escape conditioning.
The incremental validity of a new selection test (predictor) is calculated by subtracting:	the base rate from the positive hit rate.
the following are “red flags” that suggest a young child should be referred for a speech/language evaluation	no first words by 19 months of age. no meaningful two-word combinations (e.g., juice gone) by 28 months of age no appropriate pronoun use by 42 months of age.
The Dot Counting Test (DCT) is most useful:	for detecting feigned cognitive impairment
Auditory hallucinations are a frequent symptom of schizophrenia, and research has shown that they are caused by neuronal abnormalities in the:	left temporal lobe.
Cognitive therapy for suicide prevention (CT-SP) has been found to be effective for reducing suicidal ideation, repeat suicide attempts, and depression in adolescents and adults who recently attempted suicide the primary targets of CT-SP are, in order:	emotion regulation, cognitive flexibility, and relapse prevention
When psychologists are faced with conflicts between ethical responsibilities and legal requirements, they:	may comply with legal requirements when doing so doesn’t violate basic human rights
Studies confirming the predictions of the overjustification effect also provide evidence for which of the following?	self-perception theory
stepped care approach is used to treat individuals with low levels of depressive symptoms, the first step includes assessment and monitoring. When symptoms do not remit, the second step includes which of the following	psychoeducation, bibliotherapy, and/or computer-aided CBT
A professional executor is the person designated by a psychologist to carry out the terms of a psychologist’s professional will. According to the ASPPB’s Guidelines for Closing a Psychology Practice (2020), a professional executor:	may be a licensed psychologist or other licensed health provider.
Data collected by Schmidt, Oh, and Shaffer (2016) indicate that the greatest increase in predictive validity for job performance occurs when a test of general mental ability is combined with which of the following?	integrity test
A researcher would use which of the following to compare the effects of two interventions on quality-adjusted life-years (QALY)?	cost-utility analysis
Data collected by Bouchard and McGue (1981) indicate that the median correlation coefficient for IQ scores is lowest for which of the following?	biological parent and child living apart
Based on their analysis of data collected in the Generations Study of LGB individuals belonging to three age cohorts, Bishop and her colleagues (2020) concluded that:	members of the younger age cohort experienced all sexual identity development milestones earlier than did members of the middle and older age cohorts.
Which of the following would be most useful for combining scores on multiple predictors when good performance on one predictor can compensate for poor performance on another predictor?	multiple regression
The reliability index is an estimate of the correlation between actual observed scores and theoretical true scores and is calculated by:	taking the square root of the reliability coefficient
Which of the following is the best generalization about the pharmacological treatment of classic and atypical bipolar disorder?	Lithium is more effective for classic bipolar disorder, while anticonvulsant and atypical antipsychotic drugs are more effective for atypical bipolar disorder
Overcorrection is ordinarily classified as a type of:	positive punishment.
Systematic desensitization is to ________ as exposure therapy is to ________.	counterconditioning; extinction
Mary, received a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder several months ago, Mr. and Mrs. Molina have become increasingly overprotective of and emotionally overinvolved with her has increased conflicts between them. The treatment-of-choice in this situation is:	family-focused therapy.
As described by Henrich and colleagues, the acronym WEIRD refers to individuals from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic cultures. They note that much of the published psychological research has relied on WEIRD samples	WEIRD
Research has confirmed that different early life experiences (e.g., child maltreatment, parental divorce, parental psychopathology) can lead to childhood depression. This is an example of which of the following?	equifinality
to the ability of open systems to reach different final states from the same initial condition. This question applies equifinality to developmental psychopathology.	multifinality
The essential features of total quality management (TQM) include:	continuous improvement, full employee involvement, and data-supported decisions
Halfway through the semester, a psychology professor changes some of the requirements listed in the course syllabus because he realizes he left out several important readings that are relevant to the course. Changing the requirements is:	acceptable only if the professor’s changes do not affect the ability of students to fulfill the new requirements by the end of the semester.
Correll and his colleagues (2007) found that the police officers included in their study demonstrated shooter bias in terms of:	response time but not accuracy.
Task analysis is the essential first step when using which of the following interventions to establish a new behavior?	. chaining
A __________ can be used to visually summarize the nominal data collected in a research study.	bar graph
Wills, Yaeger, and Sandy (2003) investigated the relationship between religiosity and substance use among adolescents and found that:	a high level of religiosity acts as a buffer between exposure to life stress and subsequent alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use
As described by McClelland (1961), which of the following is least characteristic of people who have a high need for achievement?	They are motivated most by opportunities for gaining status and recognition
A meta-analysis of the research by the APA Task Force on Violent Media (2015) found that exposure to violent videogames:	increases aggressive behaviors, cognitions, and affect and decreases empathy
The 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association states that authors should retain raw data associated with their articles published in APA journals:	in accordance with institutional or funder requirements
he multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) assesses characteristics associated with transformational and transactional leadership. The two transactional leadership characteristics assessed by the MLQ are:	contingent rewards and management-by-exception.
The first stages of Atkinson, Morten, and Sue’s Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model and Cross’s Black Racial Identity Development Model are best described as being characterized by which of the following?	Positive attitudes toward White (majority) culture and negative attitudes toward Black (minority) culture
Of the Big Five personality traits, level of __________ has been most consistently identified as an accurate predictor of level of marital satisfaction and stability	neuroticism
In the context of expectancy theory, __________ refers to an employee’s belief that adequate effort will lead to successful performance.	expectancy
The gender affirmative model for the care of transgender and gender-expansive children advocates considering social gender transitioning when:	children have or have not yet reached puberty and are exploring or affirming their gender identity
Functional family therapy (FFT) is an evidence-based intervention for:	adolescents with conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder and their families
Glick and Fiske’s (2001) theory of ambivalent sexism distinguishes between __________ components of sexism.	hostile and benevolent
In their longitudinal study of the effects of overcontrolling (“helicopter”) parenting, Perry and colleagues (2018) found that children’s levels of __________ at age 5 were mediators that linked overcontrolling parenting during toddlerhood to poor emotion	emotion regulation and inhibitory control
As described by Shneidman (1994), the purpose of a psychological autopsy is to:	clarify the manner of death when the manner is equivoca
Faragher, Cass, and Cooper’s (2005) meta-analysis of the research indicated that job satisfaction:	is related to mental and physical health, with the relationship being stronger for mental health
When the court determines that an employer’s selection test has an adverse impact on members of a legally protected group, the employer:	may be permitted to use the test if the attributes it measures are job related and there are no alternative valid measures available that would not have an adverse impact.
When using Bayes’ theorem:	he posterior is derived from a synthesis of the prior and likelihood function
As used by practitioners of motivational interviewing, the technique known as “developing discrepancy” involves helping clients recognize the difference between:	their values and goals and their current behaviors.
As conceptualized by Shapiro and her colleagues (e.g., Shapiro & Maxfield, 2002), the rapid eye movement component of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) exerts its beneficial effects on the symptoms of PTSD by:	accelerating information processing and adaptive resolution of traumatic memories
When evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention to eliminate the head banging of a child with autism spectrum disorder, a researcher would be least likely to use which single-subject research design?	ABAB
The correction for attenuation formula is used to estimate the effects of increasing:	he reliability of a predictor and/or criterion on the criterion-related validity coefficient
The best conclusion that can be drawn about the pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder with atypical features is that:	MAOIs are effective but may not be significantly more effective than SSRIs
Your one-way ANOVA produces a statistically significant F-ratio. In this situation, you would consider conducting a post-hoc test if:	the independent variable has three or more levels.
Uncertainty intolerance refers to anxiety about the possible occurrence of future threats. Kim and colleagues (2017) found that high scores on a measure of uncertainty intolerance were most associated with increased volume of which of the following?	striatum
The etiology of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease has been linked to:	a low level of acetylcholine and a high level of glutamate
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are similar to actual epileptic seizures in terms of symptoms but are due to psychological distress. Which of the following is considered most useful for distinguishing PNES from actual seizures?	. video EEG
Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) combine which of the following?	graphic rating scale and critical incidents
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been linked to which of the following?	low brain level and high blood level of serotonin
Which of the following tests is useful for assessing children 3 to 10 years of age who have sensory, motor, or speech deficits and was originally developed for children with cerebral palsy?	Columbia Mental Maturity Scale
The unique information gained when a new selection test or other procedure is added to the current selection procedure is maximized when:	the base rate is moderate and there are many applicants and a few job openings.
Dawis and Lofquist’s (1984) theory of work adjustment is best described as a:	person-environment fit theory
The F scale of the MMPI provides information on:	overreporting of psychological symptoms
Based on the results of their review of research on relational aggression, Voulgaridou and Kokkinos (2015) concluded that the studies have:	consistently found that adolescent boys engage in more physical aggression but have provided mixed results about gender differences in relational aggression.
	emphasizes observing a patient’s problem-solving activity to determine how, when, and why the patient is unable to solve problems.
Pavlov proposed that spontaneous recovery of a conditioned response after extinction trials provides evidence that extinction of the conditioned response is due to:	internal inhibition
Behavioral treatments for narcolepsy are often not adequate and, consequently, are usually combined with medications. Which of the following medications is most useful for reducing daytime sleepiness, improving nighttime sleep, and reducing cataplexy?	sodium oxybate
Practitioners of motivational interviewing who are familiar with Miller and Rollnick’s (2013) current view of decisional balance (DB) are most likely to say that DB is most useful for:	assessing a client’s readiness to change
Research has found that higher-status immigrants (i.e., those with higher levels of education and economic success) are more likely than lower-status immigrants to report experiencing discrimination and having a low sense of belonging to the host society.	integration paradox.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ordinarily has an:	insidious onset that’s followed by a rapid decline in functioning
Long-term white blood cell monitoring is required when a person is taking which of the following drugs?	clozapine or carbamazepine
The MMPI-2’s _____ scale consists of infrequently endorsed items.	FB
Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is best described as a type of:	action research.
There’s evidence that, for some patients, depressive symptoms can be alleviated by either a placebo or an antidepressant and that a placebo and antidepressants affect the same area of the brain. More specifically, the research has found that:	placebo produces increased activity in the prefrontal cortex while antidepressants produce decreased activity
When one parent has a single autosomal dominant gene for Huntington’s disease, this means that:	each biological child of that parent has a 50% chance of having that disease
The point at which an item characteristic curve intercepts the Y (vertical) axis provides information about which of the following?	the probability of answering the item correctly by guessing
Different item response theory models produce item response curves that provide information on one, two, or three parameters, with the three parameters being item difficulty, item discrimination, and the probability of guessing correctly.	The probability of guessing correctly is indicated by the point at which the item response curve intercepts the Y axis.
Risperidone and other second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs are:	serotonin and dopamine antagonists
s a type of cognitive distortion that involves drawing a conclusion based on one detail while ignoring the “bigger picture.” In the situation described in this question, the employee has decided that he’s worthless based on a single criticism	selective abstraction
Which of the following are evidence-based treatments for binge-eating disorder?	cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy
is the increased ability to remember information when learning not only includes studying but also repeated opportunities to retrieve the information.	The “testing effect”
Rawson’s mediator effectiveness hypothesis, “testing improves memory by supporting the use of more-effective mediators during encoding” and the mediators that are “generated during testing	The “testing effect”
Conduction aphasia involves:	fluent (but paraphasic) speech, relatively intact comprehension, poor word repetition, and impaired naming
In their study comparing the effects of age-based stereotype threat and self-stereotyping on memory performance, O’Brien and Hummert (2006) found that late middle-aged adults ages 48 through 62 who had:	an older (vs. youthful) identity did more poorly on a memory task when they were told their performance would be compared to the performance of older (vs. younger) adults.
Kobasa’s (1982) concept of __________ is useful for understanding the traits that are needed to cope successfully with stress	A. psychological hardiness
According to the DSM-5, the onset of tics is usually between the ages of:	4 and 6 years
When using competency modeling, the process of identifying core competencies begins with specifying:	the organization’s primary values, goals, and strategies
Overcorrection consists of restitution and positive practice, which can be used alone or together. Positive practice is most similar to which of the following?	habit reversal training
involves eliminating an undesirable behavior by having the individual practice an alternative, usually incompatible, behavior.	habit reversal training
A two-point code of 4-9 on the MMPI-2 is most associated with which of the following?	impulsivity, antisocial tendencies, and low frustration tolerance
Which subtests make up the Processing Speed Index of the WAIS-IV?	Symbol Search and Coding
When the dendrites of a neuron receive sufficient stimulation from other neurons:	depolarization occurs as positively charged sodium ions enter the neuron
Aversion therapy makes use of which of the following?	counterconditioning
Which of the following questions is most likely to be included in a covert integrity test?	Would your friends describe you as impulsive?
Piaget proposed that, during substage 3 (secondary circular reactions) of the sensorimotor stage, an infant:	repeats behaviors that elicit a response from a person or object
Which of the following tests is best described as a measure of response inhibition?	Stroop Color-Word Association Test
Which of the following areas of the brain has been identified as “ground zero” for Alzheimer’s disease?	locus coeruleus
The most likely diagnosis for Alvin is schizoaffective disorder if he has also experienced:	concurrent episodes of major depression or mania for the duration of the disorder except for at least two weeks when delusions and hallucinations were present without mood episodes.
In the context of classical conditioning, latent inhibition is due to which of the following?	CS preexposure
A prenatal care program that’s available to all pregnant women in a community is an example of which of the following types of prevention?	universal
are aimed at members of a subgroup of a designated population who are known to be at above-average risk for a disorder or condition (e.g., all low-income pregnant women in a community)	Selective prevention programs
are aimed at individuals who are known to have a characteristic that puts them at high risk for a disorder or condition (e.g., all low-income pregnant women who had a miscarriage or whose newborns had problems that were due to inadequate prenatal care).	Indicated prevention programs
are aimed at specific individuals who have been identified as being at elevated risk for a disorder or condition.	Secondary prevention programs
s the proportion of people with a disorder who are identified by a test as having the disorder. It’s calculated by dividing the true positives identified by the test by the true positives plus the false negatives (TP/TP + FN).	sensitivity
Informational influence is usually stronger than normative influence when the task is:	ambiguous and difficult
A psychotherapist who has an emic perspective:	recognizes the differences between cultural groups
having the baby sleep on his/her stomach, having the baby co-sleep with his/her parents, and using crib bumpers have been linked to an increased risk.	SIDS
A. breastfeeding the baby and having the baby sleep on his/her back	decrease risk of SIDS
An initial step in choosing the appropriate function-based intervention for a child is identifying	the goal(s) of the child’s problematic behavior
When using the Taylor-Russell tables to estimate the incremental validity of a new selection test, the tables will indicate that the test has the greatest incremental validity when the selection ratio is _____ and the base rate is _____.	.10; .50
Complaints of memory loss are common in criminal cases, with defendants claiming they have no memory of committing the crime. When determining whether a defendant’s memory loss is genuine or feigned, genuine memory loss is more likely when:	the beginning and end of the period of memory loss are both gradual and blurred and the defendant can recall fragments of some events that occurred during that period.
In the context of research, between-methods triangulation involves:	including both qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data
As described by Sue et al. (2007), assigning a level of intelligence to a person of color on the basis of the person’s race is which type of microaggression?	microinsult
Lewinsohn’s (1974) model of depression attributes it to:	a low rate of response-contingent reinforcement
a measure of perceptual accuracy and indicates the extent to which the examinee’s response corresponds to the actual shape of the inkblot.	Form quality
distinguishes between three developmental levels that differ in terms of a supervisee’s level of self-other awareness, motivation, and autonomy.	Stoltenberg and McNeill’s (2010) integrated developmental model (IDM) of supervision
The presence of which of the following core and suggestive features would help confirm a DSM-5 diagnosis of probable major or mild neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies?	visual hallucinations and concurrent REM sleep behavior disorder
A Cohen’s d of .60 indicates a _________, and it’s interpreted in terms of __________.	medium effect; standard deviation units
As described in the Privacy Rule of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), a therapist can deny clients access to their protected health information when they believe that access is:	reasonably likely to endanger the life or physical safety of the client or other person
As described by Kahneman and Tversky (1974), the representativeness heuristic is most similar to which of the following?	base rate fallacy
Cultural fit refers to which of the following?	how well an immigrant’s personality and other personal attributes match the cultural values and norms of the host country
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures	functional neurological system disorder or conversion disorder
Data collected by Schmidt, Oh, and Shaffer (2016) indicate that the greatest increase in predictive validity for job performance occurs when a test of general mental ability is combined with which of the following?	integrity test

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