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PATHO MIDTERM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which of the following findings in the PT w Raynaud's disease would indicate a need for further teaching? | PT smokes cigarettes |
| A newborn develops a murmur and cyanosis shortly after birth. The diagnoses of pulmonic stenosis is made after an echocardiogram revealed narrowing of the pulmonary ____ | valve |
| what term is used to describe the patent opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery in a fetus? | ductus arteriosus |
| a 2 week old infant who presents with poor feeding, fatigue, dyspnea, and a murmur is diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus PDA. this condition results in a | left to right shunt |
| an infant undergoes an echocardiogram for a suspected heart defect. tests reveal an opening in the middle of the atrial septum. what term would the nurse use to describe this defect? | ostium secundum |
| a newborn experiences frequent periods of cyanosis usually occurring during crying or after feeling. Which cardiac dx does this hx support? | tetralogy of fallot |
| a newborn child is diagnosed with tetralogy of fallot. what symptoms would the nurse expect to observe in the child? | cyanosis and hypoxia |
| why do lymph nodes enlarge? | during infection bc lymphocytes are rapidly diving |
| which of the following nutritional components will the nurse encourage a pt to consume as it is needed for erythropoiesis? | cobalamin b12 |
| which electrolyte will the nurse check to ensure normal platelet functioning? | calcium |
| a nurse is caring for an elderly pt. which of the following are true regarding the hematological system and aging? | total serum iron is decreased, total iron binding capacity is decreased, intestinal iron absorption is decreased. |
| when a nurse is reviewing lab results and notices that the erythrocytes contain an abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin, the nurse calls these erythrocytes ____ | hypochromic |
| a 45 year old male is diagnosed with macrocytic normochromic anemia. the nurse suspects the most likely cause of this condition is | defective dna synthesis |
| a 2 year old malnourished child has a vitamin b12 and folate deficiencies. a blood smear suggests the deficiency is macrocytic and normochromic. the nurse would expect the hemoglobin to be | normal |
| a 35 year old female is diagnosed with vitamin b12 deficiency anemial (pernicious anemia). how should the nurse respond when the pt asks what causes pernicious anemia? a decrease in ___ is the most likely cause | intrinsic factor |
| which of the following individuals should the nurse assess first for a vitamin b12 deficiency anemia? | 47 year old male who had a gastrectomy procedure (removal of the stomach) |
| when a pt wants to know why vitamin b12 and folate deficiencies cause anemia, how should the nurse respond? | rbc have a shorter life span |
| a 57 year old male presents to his pcp for a red face, hands feet ears, a headache and drowsiness. a blood smear reveals an increased number of erythrocytes indicating: | polycthemia vera (PV) |
| a 67 year old female is admitted to the er with a dx of polycythemia vera. upon taking the hx, the pt will most likely report ___ | chest pain |
| a 68/f is admitted to the er w a dx of polycythemia vera. a nurse realized the pt symtoms are mainly the result of | increased blood viscosity |
| A 67-year-old female is admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV). Which treatment should the nurse discuss with the patient? | Therapeutic phlebotomy |
| A 70-year-old male is brought to the emergency department, where he dies shortly thereafter. Autopsy reveals polycythemia vera (PV). His death was most likely the result of: | Cerebral thrombosis |
| A 67-year-old male was diagnosed with polycythemia vera (PV) but refused treatment. His condition is at risk for converting to: | Acute myeloid leukemia |
| The nurse explains to a parent that young children diagnosed with Down syndrome are at higher risk for developing: | leukemia |
| A 3-year-old Black child with a history of sickle cell disease and is now diagnosed with meningitis. Which is the most likely microorganism the nurse will find on the lab report? | Streptococcus pneumonia |
| Which major symptom indicates to the nurse that patient diagnosed with sickle cell anemia is experiencing a vasoocclusive crisis? | pain |
| What is a priority assessment for Hodgkin lymphoma in children? | Painless adenopathy in cervical nodes |
| A nurse is planning care for a child with iron deficiency anemia. Characteristics of iron deficiency anemia include which of the following? (select all that apply) | most common between 6months/2 years. related to socioeconomic factors. it is difficult to diagnose in early stages. |
| A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with leukemia. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect? (select all that apply) | fatigue, pallor, petechiae, fever |
| A nurse is preparing to teach the most common malignancy in children. Which malignancy should the nurse discuss? | leukemia |
| A 5-year-old is diagnosed with acute leukemia. The patient will mostly likely be treated with: | chemotherapy |
| What is the most common form of childhood leukemia? | ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| a 15/f is dx w prader willi syndrome. this condition is an example of | gene imprinting |
| when considering abnormal epigenetic modifications, what factor is currently being viewed as strongly associated w the development of some cancers? | environmental stressors |
| what characteristic of prader willi syndrome is not a characteristic of angelman syndrome? | inheritance from father |
| research has demonstrated that neural stem cells have an impaired ability to differentiate functional neurons when subejcted to | ethanol |
| When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is an | increase in size |
| : A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to | ischemia |
| A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once blood flow is returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury occurs as a result of: | oxidation stress |
| Which of the following terms should the nurse use when there is a balance between outward recoil of the chest wall and inward recoil of lungs at rest? | functional residual capacity is reached |
| While reviewing the results of the pulmonary functions test, the nurse is aware that the maximum amount of gas that can be displaced (expired) from the lung is called: | vital capacity |
| A 50 year old presents with hypotension, hypoxemia, and tracheal deviation to the left. Tests reveal that the air pressure in the pleural cavity exceeds barometric pressure in the atmosphere. what does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? | tension pnuemothorax |
| A 26 year old recently underwent surgery and is now experiencing dyspnea, cough, fever, and leukocytosis. Tests reveal a collapsed lung caused by the removal of air from obstructed alveoli. Which term is used to document this condition? | obstructive absorption atelectasis |
| A 50-year-old is diagnosed with lung cancer. The health history includes a 30-year history of smoking, exposure to air pollution, asbestos, and radiation. What had the greatest impact on the development of his cancer? | cig smoking |
| A newborn diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome is monitored for atelectasis because of _____ | a lack of surfactant |
| During a respiratory assessment of an infant diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome, a depression in the supraclavicular and intercostal areas of the thorax was noted with inspiration. This observation is documented as _____. | retractions |
| : An 11 year old presents with a low-grade fever and cough and is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia. What type of pneumonia does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? | Mycoplasma pneumonia |
| Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) peaks between _____ and ____months of age | 2,4 |
| What is the nurse monitoring when observing the QRS complex on the electrocardiogram? | ventricular activity |
| When a patient's vagus nerve is stimulated, what does the nurse expect to observe? | increased gastrointestinal activity |
| The nurse realizes the patient diagnosed with mitral stenosis has incomplete emptying of the: | LEFT ATRIUM |
Created by:
asanchez27