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ELA terms
Flashcards to review terms and definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ACT | a section of a drama, sometimes made up of scenes |
| adage | an old, familiar saying that expresses wisdom or a truth about human nature |
| affix | a word part that is added to the beginning or end of a word, changing the meaning of the word |
| alliteration | the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words (sometimes within the word, too) |
| allusion | a reference to a well-known person, place, or event in history or literature |
| antecedent | a word or phrase represented by another word |
| antonym | a word that means to opposite of another word |
| author's purpose | the reason an author writes a text |
| bandwagon appeal | a persuasive technique which implies that a point of view is correct because many people think that way |
| bias | a belief in just one way of thinking or being |
| cause | the reason that something happens, leading to an effect or a result |
| cause-and-effect structure | a type of text organization that shows the relationship between causes and events |
| character | a person, an animal, or an object that takes part in the action of a narrative |
| chronological order | the order, or sequence, in which events happen |
| chronological structure | a type of text organization that presents events in the order in which they happen |
| claim | a statement that something--such as an idea, an event, or an observation--is true |
| comma ( , ) | a punctuation mark used to separate an introductory element from the rest of a sentence, to separate items in a series, to indicate direct address, and to set off a tag question or the words "yes" and "no" |
| compare-and-contrast structure | a type of text organization that points out similarities and differences between two or more things or ideas |
| conclusion | the end of a piece of writing, summing up the text's ,ain points and often leaving the reader with something to think about |
| conflict | a problem that the characters in a fictional narrative must solve |
| conjunction | a word--such as "and," "but," or "or"--that connects two words, phrases, or clauses |
| contrast | to show the differences between objects, ideas, people, places, events, or passages |
| coordinating conjunction | a word that joins two independent clauses in a sentence |
| correlative conjunction | a pair of words that connect words, phrases, and clauses |
| dialogue | the words that characters speak in a text; a conversation between characters in a text |
| drama | a story that is performed on a stage by actors; a play |
| effect | a result of a cause |
| evidence | information used to support a claim; proof |
| fiction | a type of story about made-up people and events |
| figurative language | a word or phrase that means something other than its dictionary definition; language that contains imagery or describes something through the use of unusual comparisons for added effect, interest, and meaning |
| first-person point of view | the perspective of a narrator who is a character in the story and who uses the pronoun I |
| fragment | an incomplete sentence |
| generalization | a broad statement based on fact that is true in most cases |
| homograph | words that are spelled the same, are said differently, and have different meanings |
| idiom | a phrase that means something different from the literal, or dictionary, meaning of the words in it. |
| independent clause | a group of words that express a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence |
| inference | a guess that is made about a text, based on information in the text and personal knowledge |
| informative text | nonfiction text in which the author presents information about specific subject |
| interjection | a word or phrase that is used in a way that shows feeling--suach as "wow!" |
| line | a row of words; the basic building block of a poem |
| main idea | the most important idea in a piece of writing |
| metaphor | a type of figurative language comparing two unlike things without using the words like or as |
| narrate | to tell a story about a topic |
| narrative writing | the kind of writing that tells a story |
| narrator | the person or speaker who tells a story |
| nonfiction | the kind of writing that describes factual information about people, places, events, and things--such as biographies, essays, speeches, and textbooks |
| objective point of view | a perspective in which the author presents facts fairly |
| opinion | a personal belief that cannot be proved true or false |
| perfect tense | a verb tense that shows an action that has already been completed |
| personification | a type of figurative language in which human qualities or actions are given to animals or nonliving things |
| persuade | to convince the audience to think a certain way |
| persuasive technique | a way in which an author tries to get the reader to agree with his or her point of view |
| plagiarize | to pass off someone's work as one's own |
| plot | the sequence of events in a story that includes the characters' actions, a conflict, and a resolution |
| poetry | literature written in lines and stanzas, often using rhyme, rhythm, and descriptive language |
| point of view | the perspective from which a story is told; an author's attitude about what he or she is describing in nonfiction text |
| prefix | an affix that is added to the beginning of a word, changing the word's meaning |
| preposition | a word that links a noun or a pronoun to some other word in a sentence, often to indicate how things are related in time and space |
| problem | a difficult situation, obstacle, or challenge |
| problem-and-solution structure | type of text organization that states a problem and then describes its solution or possible solution |
| pronoun | A word that takes the place of a noun |
| proverb | an old, familiar saying that expresses wisdom or gives advice |
| relevant evidence | information that is directly related to a topic and supports a statement or position |
| repetition | the repeating of a word, phrase, or line in a poem |
| rhyme | a device in which words end with the same sound |
| rhyme scheme | the pattern of rhyme in a poem |
| rhythm | the beat, or pattern, of stresses and unstressed syllables, in a line of poetry |
| scene | a section of a drama, usually a smaller section within an act |
| sensory detail | the use of words to tell how things look, feel, taste, smell, and sound |
| sequence | the order in which events happen; also called chronological order |
| setting | the location and time in which a story takes place |
| simile | a type of figurative language in which two unlike things are compared by using the word like or the word as |
| speaker | the narrator in a poem |
| stage directions | actions performed by characters, often written in italics |
| stanza | a series of lines that makes up a section of a poem |
| structure | the pattern of organization of text |
| style | an author's word choice, language, and sentence construction |
| subjective point of view | a perspective in which the author uses facts based on his or her personal opinions in order to influence the reader |
| subordinating conjunction | a word in a dependent clause that connects the dependent clause to an independent clause |
| suffix | an affix that is added to the end of a word, changing the word's meaning |
| summarize | to relell the main points or plot of a text in one's own words |
| synonym | a word that has the same or a similar meaning as another word |
| text-dependent analysis | a typo of writing in which a writer describes and analyzes some aspect of a literary work |
| text structure | the way in which a text is organized, such as by sequence, cause and effect, or comparing and contrasting |
| theme | the message or truth about life that a story or poem suggests |
| third-person point of view | the perspective of a narrator who is not a character in the story and who uses the pronouns: he, she, and they |
| topic sentence | a sentence that states the central idea of a text |
| trait | a detail about a character's physical appearance or personality |
| transition | a connecting word or phrase that enables writing to flow smoothly from one idea to the next |
| verb | a word or words that show action or state of being |
| verb tense | the time--past, present, or future--depicted by a verb's form |
| folktale | a story from long ago that has been repeated for many years |
| ellipsis ( ... ) | a series of spaced periods showing a trailing thought or that text has been omitted |
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Popular English Vocabulary sets