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DNA & P
DNA and Protein Synthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| substitutes a stop codon for an amino acid | nonsense point mutations |
| involves a long sequence of DNA (part of a chromosome); Four types - deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation | chromosonal mutation |
| (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm | Translation |
| the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA | protien synthesis |
| a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA. | anticodon |
| Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule | dna polymerase |
| mutation where part of the chromosome is repeated; extra structures may be present | chromosomal duplication mutation |
| mutation where part of the chromosome is lost | chromosomal deletion mutation |
| a mutation in which a nucleotide is deleted shifting amino acid arrangement | frameshift deletion |
| (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA | transcription |
| addition of one or a few nucleotide pairs creates new sequence of codons | frameshift insertion |
| segment of DNA from one chromosome is swapped with a segment from another chromosome | chromosomal translocation mutation |
| mutations with no visible effect on the protein due to the fact that it still specifies the same amino acid (ex. a one letter typo in a paper that does not change the meaning of the word - you are able to "figure it out") | silent point mutations |
| A type of mutation where the order of the genes is reversed, or inverted; Example: ABC ^ DEF turns into AED ^ CBF | chromosomal inversion mutation |
| affects one amino acid. the whole protein structure and function may or may not be disrupted. | missense point mutations |
| mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide because every amino acid from the mutation on will be incorrect | frameshift mutation |
| chemical changes in just one base pair of a gene | point mutation |
| Each half of an original DNA molecule serves as a template for a new strand, and the two new DNA molecules each have one old and one new strand. | semi-conservative replication |
| What is the monomer of DNA and RNA? | nucleotide |
| What are the 4 nitrogen bases for RNA? | Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine. |
| where does transcription occur? | nucleus |
| what is the monomer of a protien? | amino acids |
| what is a codon and where is it found? | 3 nitrogen bases on tRNA |
| what is an anti-codon and where is it found? | 3 nitrogen bases on tRNA |
| examples of Point Mutations | Sickle cell anemia. Cystic fibrosis. Beta-thalassemia. |
| examples of framshift mutations | Tay-Sachs Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Crohn's, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (Hereditary Polyneuropathy), and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. |
| examples of chromosomal mutations | Down syndrome Inversion Cri du chat syndrome Turner syndrome Klinefelter syndrome XYY syndrome Trisomy 13 Multifactorial inherited disorders |
| What is the function of RNA? | RNA relays genetic information for protein synthesis |
| A mutation changes a gene in a cell in the stomach of an organism. This mutation could cause a change in- | ---The organism, but not its offspring Both the organism and its offspring Its offspring, but not the organism itself Neither the organism nor its offspring |
| What is the job of mRNA? Translates DNA Transcribes DNA Translates Amino Acids Transcribes Amino Acids | Transcribes DNA |
| What is the job of tRNA? Brings the Amino Acid to the Ribosome Has the codon for the amino acid Transcribes DNA Translates RNA | Brings the Amino Acid to the Ribosome |
| Where does transcription occur? | nucleus |
| CRISPR-Cas9, allows scientists to precisely edit genes. In order to edit genes, CRISPR-Cas9 must be able to | alter the base pairs of DNA |
| What is the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein? | translation |
| What is the term for a chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation, such as carcinogens, radiation, or certain chemicals? | mutagen |
Created by:
acuda25