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Topic 5 IB ESS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Soil | a complex ecosystem made up of minerals, organic material, gasses, and liquids that form the habitat for many animals and plants |
| Law of Superposition | the youngest layer is on top and the old one is on the bottom |
| Deposition | Geological process where sediments, soil, and rocks ar eadded to a landmass |
| Stratigraphy | study of rocks and layering |
| Lithosphere | has rocks, minerals, and soils |
| biosphere | where life exists |
| atmosphere | surrounds the Earth |
| Hydrosphere | Earth’s water in the ocean, ground, surface, and in the air |
| O layer | organic material |
| A layer | composed mainly of minerals from parent material with organic matter incorporated |
| E layer | Eluvial or leached (leach means water is running through) |
| B layer | Illuvial or deposited |
| C layer | Bedrock or parent material |
| Inputs | Minerals, Organic matter, Gasses, water |
| Outputs | soil lose inputs due to wind, water, plants, and animals |
| Stores | Dead organic matter, organisms, minerals, water |
| Transfers | Leaching and evaporation |
| Dry climates | have high evaporation rates |
| Rainy climates | have high leaching rates because the water is moving downward |
| Transformations | Decomposition, weathering |
| Sand | has big particles that feel gritty, well drained |
| silt | too small for the human eye and have a smooth feel between sand and clay |
| Clay | the smallest leaving soil with a sticky feel, poorly drained |
| Loam | Mix of silt, snad, and cay; has good drainage and biota |
| Horizon | a layer parallel to the soil surface |
| Leaching | minerals dissolved in water moving through the soil |
| Permeability | the quality of soil that allows liquid to flow through it |
| Porosity | measure of void spaces in soil |
| Translocation | soil moves from one location to another |
| Organic matter | source of carbon-based compounds found in all environments |
| Humus | a result of decomposition of organic matter like dead leaves/ wood |
| Humidification | decomposition under wet conditions |
| Decomposition | changing leaf litter into humus |
| Legumes | a plant from the Fabaceae family |
| Weathering | decomposition of rocks |
| Regolity | a region of loose unconsolidated rock on top of the bedrock |
| Nutrient cycling | interactions between soil, plants, animals, the atmosphere, and food chains |
| Soil triangle | ration of sand, silt, and clay that can determine the porosity, workability,a dn how the soil can be cultivated |
Created by:
Seylon