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Compounding Test
Compounding Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Punch Method | Manual filling of capsules with powdered medication that has been premixed. |
| Solvent | The greater part of a solution that dissolves a solute. |
| Emulsion | A mixture of two or more liquids that do not usually blend together, which are mixed using a stabilizing agent. |
| Good Manufacturing Practices | Federal guidelines that must be followed by all entities that prepare and package medication or medical devices. |
| Solute | The ingredient that is dissolved into a solution. |
| Bulk Repackaging | The process by which the pharmacy transfers a medication manually, or by means of an automated system, from a manufacturer's original container to another type of container unrelated to dispensing a prescriber's order. |
| Troche | A flat disk-like tablet that dissolves between the gum and cheek. |
| Non-Sterile Compounding | Consists of compounding two or more medications in a non-sterile environment. |
| Strip Pack | A strip of heat-sealed packets each holding one tablet or capsule used in the bulk repackaging process. |
| Compounding Record | Document of non-sterile compounding. |
| Compounding | The act of mixing, reconstituting, and packaging a drug. |
| Hydrophilic | Any substance that easily mixes in water. |
| Solution | A water base in which the ingredient or ingredients are dissolved completely. |
| Ointment | A hydrophobic product such as petroleum jelly. |
| Elixir | A base solution that is a mixture of alcohol and water. |
| Syrup | A sugar-based liquid. |
| Calibration | The markings on a measuring device. |
| Formulation Record | Document similar to a recipe used in preparation of non-sterile compounds. |
| Suspension | A solution in which the powder does not dissolve into the base and must be shaken before use. |
| Oleaginous Base | Ingredient used in compounding that does not dissolve in water. |
| Cream | A hydrophilic base. |
| Triturate | To grind or crush powder such as a tablet into fine particles. |
| Excipient | Inert substance added to a drug to form a suitable consistency for dosing. |
| Blister Pack | A preformed card with 28, 30, and 31 day depressions that can hold medications. |
| Reconstitution | To mix a liquid and a powder to form a suspension or solution. |
| Hydrophobic | Any substance that does not mix or dissolve in water. |
| True | Repackaging of medication is a common process in a hospital pharmacy. |
| False | No expiration date is necessary for repackaged products. |
| False | The process of repackaging should be done in a horizontal flow hood. |
| False | If the expiration date includes the month and year; the drug expires on the first day of the month. |
| True | Part of the preparation for repackaging is accurate calculations. |
| False | Jars and syringes are the only packages that do not have childproof caps or lids. |
| False | All records are to be kept in the pharmacy for only 1 year from the time the medication was prepared. |
| True | The record-keeping part of compounding is extremely important. |
| False | Capsule size 000 is the smallest size. |
| True | Graduated cylinders are available in conical and cylindrical shapes. |
| Which of the following is not a reason the pharmacy repackages a bulk drug into unit dose? | Unit dose is easier to count. |
| The dosage form normally repackaged in a pharmacy is the: | All of the above. (Tablet, Capsule, Liquid forms) |
| The expiration date on a drug is 2/12; the drug expires on: | The last day of February 2012. |
| A factor that can affect the stability of a drug is: | All of the above. (Light, Air, Temperature). |
| The punch method is used to prepare: | Capsules |
| Good manufacturing practices do not include which of the following? | Medications checked by a technician. |
| Which of the following could be used as a base when preparing a compounded ointment? | Aquaphor |
| Which of the following is commonly used as an additive when compounding tablets? | Dextrose |
| Gums | Naturally occurring plant derivatives that are water soluble; provide a variety of properties, including gelling, thickening, and film forming. |
| Coatings | Surrounding layer of polymeric material of a tablet, capsule, or pellet; is done to change color; protect active ingredient from moisture, light, pH of stomach; avoid bad taste or odor when taken by mouth. |
| Disintegrants | Added to a tablet or capsule blend to help break up compacted mass when put into a fluid environment; especially important for rapid-release agents. |
| Lubricants | Additive for powder blend to prevent compacted powder mass from sticking to equipment during process of making tablets or capsules. |
| Suspending agents | Insoluble particles that are dispersed in a liquid; act by increasing the viscosity of the liquid vehicle; reduces rate of sedimentation of particles. |
| Plasticizers | Have a wide variety of functional properties (retarding drug release) and allow for flexibility in coating. |
| Emulsifying agents | Maintains dispersion of finely divided liquid droplets in a liquid vehicle; made from two or more immiscible liquids, such as water and oil, and can be liquid or semisolid (creams and lotions). |
| Ophthalmics | For the eye. |
| Otics | For the ear. |
| Ointments, creams, lotions | For topical use; external use. |
| Suppositories | For rectal use. |
| Suspensions | Shake well. |
| Patches | Apply to skin. |
| All repackaging equipment should be kept _______ and in ______ condition at all times. | Clean & Good |
| The process of repackaging should take place in a designated area of the pharmacy, away from ______ areas. | high traffic |
| Once a bulk bottle is opened and the medication repackaged, the manufacturer's expiration date is no longer ______. | valid. |
| The FDA requires that compounded products adhere to the _______ standards, although they do not specifically regulate compounding. | usp 795. |
| A class III balance, also called a ______ balance, is a torsion balance and is required by most states' BOPs. | class a |
| Flavorings are often added to medications to mask the ________ of the ingredients. | bitter taste |
| When reading the calibrations of a beaker or graduated cylinder, you must have the liquid at _______ and read the bottom of the ____. | eye level & meniscus. |
| For maximum accuracy in measuring liquids, use the _______ rule. | 20% |
| Every pharmacy has an _______ _________ with information regarding all chemical products and how to handle spillage or contact. | SDS binder |
| _________ ___________ is the special use of finishing technique to give the final product a professional look. | Pharmaceutical elegance |
| Aseptic Technique | The procedures used to eliminate the possibility of a drug becoming contaminated with microbes or particles. |
| Beyond-Use Date | The date or time after which a CSP shall not be administered, stored, or transported, determined from the date the preparation is compounded. |
| Biological Safety Cabinet | A hood that should be used for hazardous sterile preparations within the clean room. |
| Clean Room | A contained and controlled environment within the pharmacy that has a low level of environmental pollutants such as dust, airborne microbes, aerosol particles, and chemical vapors. |
| Compounded Sterile Preparations (CSPs) | Preparations prepared in a sterile environment using nonsterile ingredients or devices that must be sterilized before administration. |
| Gauge | The size of the needle opening. |
| Hazardous Drug | Any drug that has been proved to have dangerous effects during animal or human testing; it may cause cancer or harm to certain organs or pregnant women. |
| Hazardous Waste | Any waste that meets the RCRA characteristic of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity. |
| Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) | An infection that patients acquire during the course of receiving treatments for other conditions within an institutional setting. |
| Horizontal Laminar Flow Hood | Environment for the preparation of compounded sterile preparations where air originating from the back of the hood moves forward across the hood and into the room. |
| Hyperalimentation | Parenteral nutrition for persons who are unable to eat solids or liquids. |
| Infection Control | Policies and procedures put in place to minimize the risk of spreading infections in hospitals or other health care facilities. |
| Laminar Flow Hood | Environment for the preparation of sterile products. |
| Parenteral Medication | Medication that bypasses the digestive system but is intended for systemic action. |
| Peripheral Parenteral | Injection of a medication into the veins located on the periphery of the body, instead of a central vein or artery. |
| Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN) | Intravenous nutrition administered through the veins located on the periphery of the body, instead of a central vein or artery. |
| Precipitate | To separate from solution or suspension; a solid that emerges from a liquid solution. |
| Reconstitute | To add a diluent such as saline or sterile water to a powder. |
| Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) | Written guidelines and criteria that list specific steps for various competencies. |
| Standard Precautions | A set of standards that lowers the possibility of contamination and lowers the risk of transmission of infectious disease. |
| Sterile Preparation | A preparation that contains no living microorganisms. |
| Total Parenteral Nutrition | Large-volume intravenous nutrition administered through a central vein which allows for a higher concentration of solutions |
| USP <797> | A set of enforceable sterile compounding standards which describes the guidelines, procedures and compliance requirements for compounding sterile preparations and sets the standards that apply to all settings in which sterile preparations are compounded. |
| Vertical Laminar Flow Hood | Environment for the preparation of chemotherapeutic and hazardous agents in which air originating from the roof of the hood moves downward and is captured in a vent located on the floor of the hood. |
| False | One of the most trivial responsibilities that a hospital pharmacy technician can have is the proper preparation of parenteral medications. |
| True | All parenteral and ophthalmic medications should be prepared within a laminar flow hood. |
| True | Cost can be a determining factor in the choice of some pharmacy equipment. |
| False | All syringes must have a transfer needle if transported out of the pharmacy. |
| True | Flexible bags and bottles are the main types of piggyback containers. |
| False | Most syringes are made of glass and are meant to be sterilized and reused. |
| True | Low-risk CSPs can be stored in the refrigerator for 14 days after compounding. |
| False | Medium-risk CSPs can be stored at room temperature for 48 hours after compounding. |
| True | All chemotherapeutic agents can be prepared in a vertical flow hood. |
| True | All IV rooms have references that can be used to find special instructions for all types of parenteral medications. |
| Amiodarone should go in | D5W |
| Which of the following is not a parenteral route of administration? | SL |
| Nitroglycerin must be put only into | Glass containers |
| Which of the following is not an example of a medication administration system? | None of the above. (Cassette pump, CRIS, CADD pump) |
| A chunk of rubber from the vial stopper is dislodged and falls into the vial, which is known as_________. | Coring |
| To ensure sterility, which part of the needle should not be touched? | All of the above (Hub, Shaft, Bevel) |
| When aseptic technique is used, what should not be worn? | Artificial nails |
| For proper hand washing technique, you should wash which areas for 30 to 90 seconds? | Hands, nails, wrists, and forearms. |
| To clean the hood, you should use _________. | 70% isopropyl alcohol |
| The horizontal and vertical flow hoods must be turned on at least _________ before use. | 30 minutes. |
| The laminar flow hood should be cleaned and disinfected | At the start of each shift. |
| Walls, ceilings, and storage shelves in the clean room should be disinfected___________. | Monthly |
| Counters and work surfaces in the clean room should be cleaned and disinfected. | Daily |
| Ciprofloxacin must be put in a | Amber bag to protect from light. |
| While continuous compounding is taking place, the biological safety hood should be cleaned every __________. | 30 minutes. |
| All parenteral medications should be prepared in a manner that reduces the possibility of ____________. | contamination |
| Large-volume drips include Viaflex bags in ________ and ______,_____, and _____ volumes. | 500 mL, 1, 2, 3L |
| _______ - _________ _______ is a method of administration that allows the patient to control the rate at which the drug is delivered for the relief of pain. | Patient-controlled analgesia |
| A _________ dose of a PCA regimen is a preset amount of drug that can be administered by the patient when pain intensifies. | Bolus |
| Two types of syringes that are commercially available are ______ and _______. | Tension & Luer-lok tip |
| The rule to remember when sizing needles is that the gauge number of the needle is _______ ________ to the bore size of the needle. | inversely proportional |
| The smallest filter is _______ ______, which removes all unwanted particles from the solution. | 0.22 micrometer |
| A BSC must be turned on at least _______ _______ before use. | 10 minutes |
| All work done in the hood is to be done ___________ within the hood. | 6 inches |
| The ________ ______ is a special filter is that traps all particles larger than 0.2 micrometers. | Hepa Filter |
| Ante area | An area in which all preparations for IV admixture are gathered, including labels, gowning, and drug materials. |
| Buffer area | An area in which hoods are kept and IV preparation takes place. |
| Compounding aseptic isolator (CAI) | An isolator cabinet designed to contain all contaminants; prevents contaminants from escaping IVs and being transferred to surrounding area. |
| Critical Site | An area exposed to air or touch, such as vial, needle, or ampule. |
| Direct compounding area (DCA) | A critical area within the hood (ISO Class 5) where areas are exposed to filtered air; also known as "first air". |
| First air | The air from the HEPA filter that passes over materials; this air is contaminant free. |
| Media-fill test | A test performed on compounded products to ensure no contamination has taken place during preparation phase. |
| Multidose vial (MDV) | A vial or container that can be used for more than one admixture; normally contains preservatives. |
| Negative pressure room | A room that has a lower pressure than the adjacent rooms; net airflow is into the room. |
| Positive pressure room | A room that has a higher pressure than the adjacent rooms; net airflow is out of the room. |
| Primary engineering control (PEC) | A practice in which an ISO Class 5 system is in place that provides safety for admixtures. |
| Single dose vial (SDV) | A vial or container that can only be used once. |
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