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APUSH Vocab - Ch. 17
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social Darwinism | an idea formulated by a British philosopher that human society advanced through ruthless competition of survival of the fittest |
| American Protective Association | a powerful anti-immigrant political organization, led by protestants, which for a brief period in the 1890s counted more than two million members Anti-Catholic and restrictions on immigrants, set precedent for the Ku Klux Klan of 1920s |
| Fundamentaism | used by protestants between the 1880-90s who rejected modernism and historical interpretations of scripture and asserted the literal truth of the Bible. They saw secularism and religious relativism as a sin, to be punished by God |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | a 1896 supreme court case that ruled that racially segregated railroad cars and other public facilities, if they were "separate but equal", were permissable according to the 14th Amendment |
| Negro Leagues | professional baseball teams formed for and by black players after the 1890s, when the regular national leagues excluded African American players, allowed black men to show off their skills but wages were low |
| National Park Service | a federal agency founded in 1916 that provided comprehensive oversight of the growing system of national parks, established to allow Americans to enjoy the sites of natural beauty |
| Comstock Act | an 1873 law that prohibited the circulation of "obscene literature' defined as including most information about sex, reproduction, and birth control |
| Atlanta Compromise | an 1895 address by Booker T. Washington that urged whites and African Americans to work together for the progress of all, interpreted as approving racial segregation |
| feminism | the ideology that women should enter the public sphere not only to wok on behalf of others, but also for their own equal rights and advancements |
| Jim Crow | laws that required separation of the races, especially blacks and whites, in public facilities |
| Thomas Edison | entrepreneur who focused on commercial success, invented the light bulb and the phonograph |
| John Muir | founded Sierra Club, used his deep connection with nature to advocate through is writing |
| Ida B. Wells | fought against lynching in the South, brought to light that lynching was caused by economic competition, labor dispute, or a relationship between a black man and white woman, not always rape |
| eugenics | "science" of human breeding in the 19th century that argued that mentally defective people should be prevented from reproducing |
| Social Gospel | a movement to renew religious faith through dedication to public welfare and social justice, reforming both society and the self through faith based service. Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish denominations and lay leaders all participated |
| modernism | a literary and artistic movement that questioned the ideals of progress and order, rejected realism, and emphasized new cultural forms. Modernism had a great cultural impact in the 20th century and remains influential today |
| YMCA | introduced in Boston in 1851, the YMCA promoted a new model of middle class masculinity, muscular Christianity, which combined Protestant evangelism with athletic facilities where men could make themselves "clean and strong" |
| Sierra Club | an organization founded in 1892 that was dedicated to the employment and preservation of America's great mountains and wilderness environments |
| Audubon Society | founded by John James Audubon who wanted to protect wild birds |
| maternalism | the belief that women should contribute to civic and political life through their special talents as mothers, Christians, and moral guides. They put this ideology into effect by creating dozens of social reform organizations |
| natural selection | Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest |
| Antiquities Act | a 1906 act that allowed the U.S. president to use executive powers to set aside sites of great environmental or cultural significance, Theodore Roosevelt was the first to use it to protect the Grand Canyon |
| Billy Sunday | helped bring evangelism into the modern era, he took political stances based in Protestant faith , supported women's voting rights, against child labor, in favor of restricting immigration |
| Booker T. Washington | leading public voice of the African Americans, suggested blacks better themselves to get along with just whites and hoped that economic achievement would erase white prejudice |
| Mark Twain | critic of imperialism and foreign missions, he used satire and irony in his writing to criticize American ideals |
Created by:
alice.heyl