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Chem Build Blocks

Chapter 3 - THe Periodic table

TermDefinition
k;',atomic mass The average mass of one atom of an element.
periodic table A chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties.
nucleus The central core of an atom containing protons and usually neutrons.
proton A small, positively charged particle in the nucleus of the atom.
neutron A small particle in the nucleus of the atom, with no electrical charge.
electron A tiny negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom.
atomic mass unit A unit used to measure the mass of particles in atoms; a proton or neutron has a mass of 1 amu.
atomic number The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
chemical symbol A one- or two-letter representation of an element.
group Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called a family.
family Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called a group.
period A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.
valence electron One of the electrons farthest away from the nucleus of the atom; these electrons are involved in chemical reations.
malleable A term used to describe material that can be hammered or rolled into shape.
alloy A mixture of two or more metals.
ductile A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire.
alkali metal An element in Group 1 of the periodic table.
conductor A substance that transmits heat or electricity easily.
alkaline earth metal An element in Group 2 of the periodic table.
magnetic A characteristic of those metals that are attracted to magnets and can be made into magnets.
transition metal An element in Groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table.
reactivity The ease and speed with which an element or compound combines with other elements and compounds.
lanthanide An element in the first row of the rare earth elements in the periodic table.
corrosion The gradual wearing away of a metal element due to a chemical reaction.
actinide An element in the second row of the rare earth elements in the periodic table.
nonmetal An element that lacks most of the properties of metals.
diatomic molecule A molecule composed of two atoms.
halogen family The elements in Group 17 of the periodic table.
noble gas An element in Groups 18 of the periodic table.
metalloid An element that has some of the characteristics of metals and some of the characteristics of nonmetals.
semiconductor An element that con conduct electricity under some conditions.
plasma A state of matter in which atoms are stripped of their electrons and the nuclei packed closely together.
nuclear fusion The process in which smaller nuclei combine into larger nuclei, forming heavier elements.
supernova An explosion of a massive star.
Created by: melaniebird
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