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Covalent Bonds

TermDefinition
1st element when naming a covalent compound prefix is used when there are more than 1 that correspond to the # of the element used (mono- is not used)
2nd element when naming a covalent compound prefixes are always used that correspond to the # of the element used (including mono-), -ide ending is used
covalent bonds very strong, atoms share electrons, only nonmetals/right side of periodic table is used
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
mono- 1
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octo- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10
if an O is next to an A or another O the A or O on the prefix is dropped
VESPR theory valence, electrons, shell, pair, repulsion
single bond one pair of electrons is shared, represented by a regular line (-)
double bond two pairs of electrons are shared, represented by 2 lines (=)
triple bond three pairs of electrons are shared, strongest bond, represented by three lines (≡)
all atoms want to get to... 8 valence electrons ---> stable
how many atoms are needed to make a bond angle 3
hydrogen is an exception because it only needs 2 valence electrons to be stable instead of 8
central atoms have the most places to bond (carbon)
linear (2 atoms) no bond angle
linear (3 atoms) 180
bent 104.5, 3 atoms, 2 bonds, 2 unshared pairs
planar triangular 120, 4 atoms, 3 bonds
tetrahedral 109.5, 5 atoms, 4 bonds
pyramidal 107, 4 atoms, 3 bonds, 1 unshared pair
unshared pairs pairs of electrons that aren't bonded to anything, take up more space than a bond, make the bond angle smaller
triangle in diagram an atom is in front
dotted line in diagram an atom is behind
valence electrons are found by the last digit of the column number on the periodic table
coordinate covalent bonds when one atom brings no/extra electrons and bonds to the central atom's electrons, creates a charge, brackets with the charge are used ([])
negative charge electrons are gained
positive charge electrons are lost
electronegativity difference how strong the bond is
0-0.45 non polar
0.45-1.95 polar
1.95 + ionic
nonpolar covalent bond no negative/positive ends
Created by: ts2819
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