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Patho Midterm
Stephanie L
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A patient diagnosed with: | renal failure. |
| An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement. Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space? | Increased interstitial oncotic pressure |
| Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries? A patient with: | liver failure. |
| A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her condition? | Laxative abuse |
| Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia? | Acute acidosis |
| A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab results? | Decreased blood K+ levels |
| A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe? | Oliguria |
| A 22 year old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accompany this virus? | CD4+ T-helper |
| A 15-year-old male suffers severe hemorrhage following a motor vehicle accident. given a blood transfusion, but afterward the red blood cells are destroyed by agglutination and lysis. Which of the blood type transfusion type matches would cause this? | A-AB |
| An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the infant’s history and physical? | The baby is Rh positive. |
| When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient’s body. | A and B |
| A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from: | anaphylaxis. |
| When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs? | Alloimmune |
| When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of: | autoimmunity. |
| In addition to matching ABO antigens, a blood transfusion must also be matched for: | Rh antigen. |
| A patient demonstrates severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 5. What genetic disorder will the nurse see documented in the chart? | Cri du chat syndrome |
| 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, and a reduced carrying angle at the elbow. | Turner syndrome |
| To express a polygenic trait: | several genes must act together. |
| What is the result of homologous chromosomes failing to separate during meiosis? | Nondisjunction |
| What type of mutation does not change the amino acid sequence and thus has no observable consequence? | Silent |
| A DNA strand has a region with the sequence ATCGGAT. Which of the following would be a complementary strand? | TAGCCTAG |
| A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? | Tetraploidy |
| A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident. CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain. Which type of injury will the nurse be caring for? | Subdural hematoma |
| A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate. On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese). Which of the following is the most likely cause? | Caseous necrosis |
| A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse recalls that muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell: | size. |
| A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular: | calcium. |
| After ingestion of lead, what organ systems should the nurse monitor because they are the most sensitive to the effects of lead? (Select all that apply.) | Kidneys, Brain, Hematopoietic |
| During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what type of atrophy? | Physiologic |
| A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Biopsy of the tumor reveals Russell bodies, and laboratory testing reveals kidney dysfunction. Which substance should the nurse monitor as it is accumulating in the patient’s body? | Protein |
| A 23-year-old male develops a black eye following a fight. When the aide asks the nurse why this occurred, the nurse’s best response is that the bruising is due to an accumulation of: | hemosiderin. |
| A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer? | Human papillomavirus (HPV) |
| Which genetic change causes alterations in only one or a few nucleotide bases? | Point mutations |
| Which of the following indicates a nurse understands a proto-oncogene? A proto-oncogene is best defined as a(n) _____ gene. | normal |
| Brachytherapy is being used to treat cancer in a patient. What types of cancers respond well to brachytherapy? (Select all that apply.) | Prostate, Cervix, Head, Neck |
| The most important environmental risk factor for cancer is exposure to: | cigarette smoke. |
| When an oncologist is teaching about how radiation induces genomic instability, which topic should the oncologist discuss? | Facilitating new mutations |
| When an oncologist is discussing the degree to which an organism’s development is contingent on its environment, which of the following is the oncologist explaining? | Developmental plasticity |
| A nurse recalls physical activity was shown to definitely reduce the risk of which of the following types of cancer? | Colon |
| What is the origin of most childhood cancers? | Mesodermal germ layer |
| A 3-year-old female was diagnosed with Wilms tumor. This disease is a tumor of the: | kidney. |
| Which characterizes an embryonic cancer tumor? | Usually manifested around age 5 |
| A nurse is preparing to teach the most common malignancy in children. Which malignancy should the nurse discuss? | Leukemia |
| What is the physiologic response when the body’s core temperature is altered due to prolonged exposure to a cold environment? | Ischemic tissue damage |
| A 52-year-old male enters sleep study for sleep disturbances. reports that his wife will not let him sleep in the bed with her until he stops snoring so loudly. He also reports feeling tired through the day. What is the most likely diagnosis? | Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) |
| A nurse is discussing an individual’s conditioned avoidance behavior and emotional responses to pain. Which system is the nurse describing? | Affective-motivational system |
| When a patient has a fever, which of the following thermoregulatory mechanisms is activated? | The body’s thermostat is reset to a higher level. |
| A 65-year-old patient who recently suffered a cerebral vascular accident is now unable to recognize and identify objects by touch because of injury to the sensory cortex. How should the nurse document this finding? | Agnosia |
| When thought content and arousal level are intact but a patient cannot communicate and is immobile, the patient is experiencing: | locked-in syndrome. |
| A patient reports tiring easily, having difficulty rising from a sitting position, and the inability to stand on toes. The nurse would expect a diagnosis of: | hypotonia. |
| A 16 year old’s level of arousal was altered after taking a recreational drug. Physical exam with negative Babinski sign, equal and reactive pupils, and roving eye movements. Which of the following diagnoses will the nurse most likely see on the chart? | Metabolically induced coma |
| The majority of intervertebral disk herniations occur between which vertebral levels (cervical, C; thoracic, T; lumbar, L; sacral, S)? | L4-S1 |
| A 30-year-old white male recently suffered a cerebrovascular accident. Which of the following is the most likely factor that contributed to his stroke? | Diabetes |
| A coup injury resulting from a blow to the frontal portion of the skull would occur in which region of the brain? | Frontal |
| Upon autopsy of a 25 year old, abnormalities in the media of the arterial wall and degenerative changes were detected. Which of the following would most likely accompany this finding? | Saccular aneurysm |
| patient is brought to the ER for treatment of injuries received in a motor vehicle accident. An MRI reveals spinal cord injury, and his body temperature fluctuates markedly. The most accurate explanation of this phenomenon is that: | his sympathetic nervous system has been damaged. |
| A baby is stillborn after 6 hours of labor. Autopsy reveals hydrocephalus caused by cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle and aqueductal compression. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | Dandy-Walker deformity |
| A child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy, characterized by extreme difficulty in fine motor coordination and purposeful movement. Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is the child experiencing? | Dystonic |
| A nurse recalls that the most frequent location of a neuroblastoma is the: | retroperitoneal region. |
| It is true that viral meningitis: | often occurs with measles, mumps, or herpes |
| What is the most common type of cerebral palsy? | Spastic |
Created by:
StephanieLester